The research use of Explorer at NCAR was carried out from 1970 through 1995. The chronological history of the sailplane flights and projects in which Explorer participated beginning with the purchase by ERC in 1966 throughout the period of use by NCAR from 1969 to 1995, and afterwards the donation to the Soaring Society of Boulder (SSB) is presented in Table I below. Test flights were always flown before all major projects but are not shown in this table for periods after 1981. Significant events for the sailplane aircraft itself are highlighted in blue in this Table.
Table I: Chronology of Flights and Events of Explorer Sailplane
DATE |
ACTIVITY |
LOCATION |
June 29, 1966 |
Test Flight by Schweizer Aircraft Corp., Ser. No. 38 |
Elmira NY |
July 12, 1966 |
Purchase by Explorer Research Corporation (ERC) (Wallace, Scribner, Kuettner for ERC) |
Springville VT |
June-Sept 1967 |
Instrumentation Test Flights |
Fitchburg MA |
Oct-Dec 1967 |
CAT Studies in Wave Conditions |
Mt Washington NH |
Aug-Oct 1968 |
Ozone Measurements |
Boulder CO |
Feb 25, 1969 |
Ownership Transfer from ERC to ESSA with NCAR to Operate |
|
July-Nov 1969 |
Occasional Test Flights |
Boulder Area |
Feb 2, 1970 |
Over Gross Operations Permitted (120 lbs. added) |
|
Feb-Mar 1970 |
Colorado Lee Wave Experiment |
Boulder Area |
July 1970 |
Cumulus Studies (Checks for NHRE) |
Boulder/NE Colo |
Jan-Feb 1971 |
NCAR Wave Cloud Studies |
Boulder Area |
March 1971 |
Cannon Particle Camera Installed |
Boulder Area |
Apr-May 1971 |
Check Flights, Wave Flights and Instrument Tests |
Boulder Area |
June-Aug 1971 |
Research Flights in National Hail Research Experiment (NHRE) |
NE Colorado |
Mar-April 1972 |
Instrumentation Test Flights |
Boulder Area |
June-Aug 1972 |
Research Flights in NHRE |
NE Colorado |
June 23. 1972 |
Severe Turbulence Encounter: +20 up to --20 m/s down almost instantly |
near Kimball NE |
Mar-May 1973 |
Instrumentation Test Flights |
Boulder Area |
Jun-Aug 1973 |
Research Flights in NHRE |
NE Colorado |
Aug-Sept 1973 |
South Park Area Cumulus Exp. (SPACE) with CSU |
South Park CO |
Sept 11 1973 |
Damaged in Fire in Lake County Airport-A Protest of Weather Modification |
Leadville CO |
Early 1974 |
Sailplane Left Wing Rebuilt by Beagles Aircraft |
Greely CO |
Spring 1974 |
Test Flights and Instrumentation Test Flights |
Boulder Area |
June -Aug 1974 |
Research Flights in NHRE |
NE Colorado |
Aug 1974 |
Joint Cumulus Sailplane Project with CSU |
Leadville/So. Park |
Spring 1975 |
Instrumentation Test Flights |
Boulder Area |
July-Aug 1975 |
High Cooperative Cumulus Project (HICCUP) with CSU NHRE Cloud Seeding Flights. |
Leadville/So. Park |
Apr-May 1976 |
Instrumentation Test Flights |
Boulder Area |
June-July 1976 |
Research Flights in NHRE |
NE Colorado |
July–Aug 1977 |
South Park Area Cumulus Experiments (SPACE) |
Leadville/So. Park |
June-July 1978 |
NCAR/NHRE First Echo Studies in CuCg |
NE Colorado |
Spring 1979 |
Instrumentation Test Flights |
Boulder Area |
July-Aug 1979 |
Microphysics Studies in Thunderstorm Research International Project (TRIP) |
Socorro NM |
Fall 1980-May 81 |
Occasional Test Flights |
Boulder Area |
May-Aug 1981 |
Flights during Coop. Convective Precip. Exp. (CCOPE) |
Miles City, MT |
July-Aug 1984 |
Electrification & Precipitation Studies in TRIP |
Socorro NM |
Summer 85-86 |
Test Flights for 2D Image/Particle Charge Instrument |
Boulder Area |
July-Aug 1987 |
Particle image and charge studies in small thunderstorms; Spirals to 39,900 ft pressure altitude, an Explorer Record |
Near Socorro NM |
Aug 1989 |
Transfer of Explorer Ownership from NOAA to NCAR |
Boulder CO |
July-Aug 1991 |
Convection and Precipitation/Electrification Experiment (CaPE) |
Kennedy Space Center FL |
Sept 1994 |
Flights for IMAX Movie “Stormchasers” |
Boulder/NE CO |
Summer 1995 |
Studies of Early Electrification |
NE Colorado |
Date?? 2002 |
Explorer Donated to Soaring Society of Boulder |
|
Nov 29, 2012 |
Forced Out-Landing with Severe Damage to Explorer near Gold Hill CO |
near Gold Hill CO |
- Explorer Participation in the National Hail Research Experiment (NHRE)
- Precipitation Formation via the Ice Process in NE Colorado
- The Discovery by Explorer of Adiabatic Ascent in Clouds of the High Plains
- Discovery of Penetrative Downdrafts
- Observation of a Counter Rotating Vortex Pair in a Cumulonimbus
- Explorer Observations of Silver Iodide Seeding in Cumulus Clouds
- Studies of Initial Cloud Electrification with Explorer
- Electrical/Microphysical Measurements in New Mexico
- Measurements on Explorer of Particle Charge, Size and Shape
- Flight in New Mexico to 40,200 ft with Particle Image and Charge Measurements
- Results from CaPE in Florida in 1991