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TOGA COARE Publications

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Publications

Andreas, E. L., and J. Decosmo, 2002: The Signature of Sea Spray in the Hexos Turbulent Heat Flux Data. Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 103, 303-333, doi:10.1023/A:1014564513650.
Publications
Asai, T., 1993: Preliminary report of the Hakuhō. Maru cruise KH-92-5 (TOGA/COARE cruise) : October 28-December 7, 1992 : the Western Equatorial Pacific Ocean. 129 pp.
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Atlas, D., C. W. Ulbrich, F. D. Marks Jr., R. A. Black, E. Amitai, P. T. Willis, and C. E. Samsury, 2000: Partitioning tropical oceanic convective and stratiform rains by draft strength. J. Geophys. Res., 105(D2), 2259-2267, doi:10.1029/1999JD901009.
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Bechtold, P., J.-L. Redelsperger, I. Beau, M. Blackburn, S. Brinkop, J.-Y. Grandper, A. Grant, D. Gregory, F. Guichard, C. How, and E. Ioannidou, 2000: A GCSS model intercomparison for a tropical squall line observed during toga-coare. II: Intercomparison of single-column models and a cloud-resolving model. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 126: 865-888, doi:10.1002/qj.49712656405.
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Beirle, S., M. Salzmann, M. G. Lawrence, and T. Wagner, 2009: Sensitivity of satellite observations for freshly produced lightning NOx. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1077-1094, doi:10.5194/acp-9-1077-2009.
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Bell, T. L., and P. K. Kundu, 2000: Comparing satellite rainfall estimates with rain gauge data: Optimal strategies suggested by a spectral model. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D3), 4121, doi:10.1029/2002JD002641.
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Bergman, J. W., and P. D. Sardeshmukh, 2004: Dynamic Stabilization of Atmospheric Single Column Models. J. Climate, 17, 1004-1021, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<1004:DSOASC>2.0.CO;2.
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Bernie, D. J., S. J. Woolnough, J. M. Slingo, and E. Guilyardi, 2005: Modeling Diurnal and Intraseasonal Variability of the Ocean Mixed Layer. J. Climate, 18, 1190-1202, doi:10.1175/JCLI3319.1.
Publications
Birol, K. A., and H. E. Hurlburt, 2002: Air-Sea Flux Estimates And The 1997-1998 Enso Event. Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 103, 439-458, doi:10.1023/A:1014945408605.
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Blender, R., K. Fraedrich, and F. Sienz, 2008: Extreme event return times in long-term memory processes near 1/f. Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 15, 557-565, doi:10.5194/npg-15-557-2008.
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Bony, S., and K. A. Emanuel, 2001: A Parameterization of the Cloudiness Associated with Cumulus Convection; Evaluation Using TOGA COARE Data. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 3158-3183, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<3158:APOTCA>2.0.CO;2.
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Bony, S., C. Risi, and F. Vimeux, 2008: Influence of convective processes on the isotopic composition (δ18O and δD) of precipitation and water vapor in the tropics: 1. Radiative-convective equilibrium and Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere-Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA-COARE) simulations. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D19305, doi:10.1029/2008JD009942.
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Bousquet, O., and M. Chong, 2000: The oceanic mesoscale convective system and associated mesovortex observed 12 December 1992 during TOGA-COARE. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 126: 189-211, doi:10.1002/qj.49712656210.
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Boyle, J., S. Klein, G. Zhang, S. Xie, and X. Wei, 2008: Climate Model Forecast Experiments for TOGA COARE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 808-832, doi:10.1175/2007MWR2145.1
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Bradley, E. F., and R. A. Weller, 1995: Joint Workshop of the TOGA COARE Flux and Atmospheric Working Groups Boulder, CO USA 11-13 July 1995. 35 pp.
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Bradley, E. F., and R. A. Weller, 1995: Third Workshop of the TOGA COARE Air-sea Interaction (Flux) Working Group East-West Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA 2-4 August 1995. 35 pp.
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Bradley, E. F., J. S. Godfrey, P. A. Coppin, and J. A. Butt, 1993: Observations of Net Heat Flux Into the Surface Mixed Layer of the Western Equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 98(C12), 22,521-22,532, doi:10.1029/93JC01855.
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Brown, R. G., and C. Zhang, 1997: Variability of Midtropospheric Moisture and Its Effect on Cloud-Top Height Distribution during TOGA COARE*. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2760-2774, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<2760:VOMMAI>2.0.CO;2.
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Burns, S. P., et al., 1999: Comparisons of aircraft, ship, and buoy meteorological measurements from TOGA COARE. J. Geophys. Res., 104(D24), 30,853-30,883, doi:10.1029/1999JD900934.
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Burns, S. P., et al., 2000: Comparisons of aircraft, ship, and buoy radiation and SST measurements from TOGA COARE. J. Geophys. Res., 105(D12), 15,627-15,652, doi:10.1029/2000JD900090.
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Carr, M. T., and C. S. Bretherton, 2001: Convective Momentum Transport over the Tropical Pacific: Budget Estimates. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 1673-1693, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<1673:CMTOTT>2.0.CO;2.
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Chen, B., and M. Yanai, 2000: Comparison of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) during the TOGA COARE IOP with a 15-year climatology, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D2), 2139-2149, doi:10.1029/1999JD901045.
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Chen, S. S., R. A. Houze, and B. E. Mapes, 1996: Multiscale Variability of Deep Convection In Realation to Large-Scale Circulation in TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1380-1409, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<1380:MVODCI>2.0.CO;2.
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Chong, M., and O. Bousquet, 1999: A Mesovortex within a Near-Equatorial Mesoscale Convective System during TOGA COARE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 1145-1156, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<1145:AMWANE>2.0.CO;2.
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Chou, M.-D., and W. Zhao, 1997: Estimation and Model Validation of Surface Solar Radiation and Cloud Radiative Forcing Using TOGA COARE Measurements. J. Climate, 10, 610-620, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0610:EAMVOS>2.0.CO;2.
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Chou, M.-D., W. Zhao, and S.-H. Chou, 1998: Radiation budgets and cloud radiative forcing in the Pacific warm pool during TOGA COARE. J. Geophys. Res., 103(D14), 16,967-16,977, doi:10.1029/98JD01453.
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Chou, S.-H., W. Zhao, and M.-D. Chou, 2000: Surface Heat Budgets and Sea Surface Temperature in the Pacific Warm Pool during TOGA COARE. J. Climate, 13, 634-649, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<0634:SHBASS>2.0.CO;2.
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Ciesielski, P. E., L. M. Hartten, and R. H. Johnson, 1997: Impacts of Merging Profiler and Rawinsonde Winds on TOGA COARE Analyses. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 14, 1264-1279, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1997)014<1264:IOMPAR>2.0.CO;2.
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Ciesielski, P. E., R. H. Johnson, P. T. Haertel, and J. Wang, 2003: Corrected TOGA COARE Sounding Humidity Data: Impact on Diagnosed Properties of Convection and Climate over the Warm Pool. J. Climate, 16, 2370-2384, doi:10.1175/2790.1.
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Clayson, C. A., A. Chen, 2002: Sensitivity of a Coupled Single-Column Model in the Tropics to Treatment of the Interfacial Parameterizations. J. Climate, 15, 1805-1831, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1805:SOACSC>2.0.CO;2.
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Cornwall, C. R., C. L. Combs, J. M. Davis, G. L. Stephens, and S. K. Cox, 1993: CSU Radiation Budget Pilot Study for TOGA COARE. 60 pp.
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Cui, X., and X. Li, and 2006: Role of surface evaporation in surface rainfall processes. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D17112, doi:10.1029/2005JD006876.
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Cui, X., Y. Zhou, and X. Li, 2007: Cloud microphysical properties in tropical convective and stratiform regions. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 98, 1-11, doi:10.1007/s00703-006-0228-1.
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Cui, X.-P., 2008: A phase analysis of vorticity vectors associated with tropical convection. Chinese Phys. B, 17,2304-2310, doi:10.1088/1674-1056/17/6/062.
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Curry, J. A., C. A. Clayson, W. B. Rossow, R. Reeder, Y-C. Zhang, P. J. Webster, G. Liu, and R-S. Sheu, 1999: High-Resolution Satellite-Derived Dataset of the Surface Fluxes of Heat, Freshwater, and Momentum for the TOGA COARE IOP. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 2059-2080, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<2059:HRSDDO>2.0.CO;2.
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Deidda, R., M. G. Badas, and E. Piga, 2004: Space-time scaling in high-intensity Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA-COARE) storms. Water Resour. Res., 40, W02506, doi:10.1029/2003WR002574.
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Deidda, R., M. Grazia Badas, and E. Piga, 2006: Space-time multifractality of remotely sensed rainfall fields. J. Hydrol., 322, 2-13, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.02.036.
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Delecluse, P., and G. Madec, 1997: Impact of westerly wind bursts on the warm pool of the TOGA-COARE domain in an OGCM. 14, 55-70, doi:10.1007/s003820050208.
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DeMott, C. A., and S. A. Rutledge, 1998: The Vertical Structure of TOGA COARE Convection. Part I: Radar Echo Distributions. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2730-2747, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2730:TVSOTC>2.0.CO;2.
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DeMott, C. A., and S. A. Rutledge, 1998: The Vertical Structure of TOGA COARE Convection. Part II: Modulating Influences and Implications for Diabatic Heating. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2748-2762, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2748:TVSOTC>2.0.CO;2.
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Dourado, M., and G. Caniaux, 2003: Surface salinity budget in oceanic simulation using data from TOGA COARE, J. Geophys. Res., 108(C5), 3135, doi:10.1029/2001JC001013.
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Durden, S. L., and Z. S. Haddad, 1998: Comparison of Radar Rainfall Retrieval Algorithms in Convective Rain during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 15, 1091-1096, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1998)015<1091:CORRRA>2.0.CO;2.
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Ebert, E. E., and M. J. Manton, 1998: Performance of Satellite Rainfall Estimation Algorithms during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 1537-1557, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<1537:POSREA>2.0.CO;2.
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Esbensen, S. K., and M. J. McPhaden, 1996: Enhancement of Tropical Ocean Evaporation and Sensible Heat Flux by Atmospheric Mesoscale Systems. J. Climate, 9, 2307-2325, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2307:EOTOEA>2.0.CO;2.
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Feng, M., P. Hacker, and R. Lukas, 1998: Upper ocean heat and salt balances in response to a westerly wind burst in the western equatorial Pacific during TOGA COARE. J. Geophys. Res., 103(C5), 10,289-10,311, doi:10.1029/97JC03286.
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Feng, M., R. Lukas, P. Hacker, R. A. Weller, and S. P. Anderson, 2000: Upper-Ocean Heat and Salt Balances in the Western Equatorial Pacific in Response to the Intraseasonal Oscillation during TOGA COARE*. J. Climate, 13, 2409-2427, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2409:UOHASB>2.0.CO;2.
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Fierro, A. O., J. Simpson, M. A. LeMone, J. M. Straka, and B. F. Smull, 2009: On How Hot Towers Fuel the Hadley Cell: An Observational and Modeling Study of Line-Organized Convection in the Equatorial Trough from TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 2730-2746, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009JAS3017.1.
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Fierro, A. O., L. M. Leslie, E. R. Mansell, and J. M. Straka, 2008: Numerical Simulations of the Microphysics and Electrification of the Weakly Electrified 9 February 1993 TOGA COARE Squall Line: Comparisons with Observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 364-379, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007MWR2156.1.
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Fiorino, M., S. J. Lord, W. K.-M. Lau, P. A. Phoebus, and C. G. Strey, 1993: A Synoptic-scale Overview of the TOGA COARE Intensive Observing Period November 1992 to February 1993 Based on Analyses from US Operational Global Data Assimilation Systems. NASA Technical Memorandum 104593, 289 pp.
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Flament, P., and R. Bernstein, 1993: Images from the GMS-4 Satellite during TOGA-COARE: November 1992 to February 1993. Technical Report Technical report (University of Hawaii at Manoa. School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, 20 pp.
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Fraedrich, K., J. L. McBride, W. M. Frank, and R. Wang, 1997: Extended EOF Analysis of Tropical Disturbances: TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2363-2372, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<2363:EEAOTD>2.0.CO;2.
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Frank, W. M., H. Wang, and J. L. McBride, 1996: Rawinsonde Budget Analyses during the TOGA COARE IOP. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1761-1780, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<1761:RBADTT>2.0.CO;2.
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Gao, S., and X. Li, 2010: Effects of time-dependent large-scale forcing, solar zenith angle, and sea surface temperature on time-mean tropical rainfall processes. Meteorol. Atmos.Phys., 106, 95-105, doi: 10.1007/s00703-009-0053-4.
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Gao, S., and X. Li, 2011: Effects of time-dependent large-scale forcing, solar zenith angle, and sea surface temperature on time-mean rainfall: a partitioning analysis based on surface rainfall budget. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 113, 1-10, doi: 10.1007/s00703-011-0139-7.
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Gao, S., and X. Li, 2011: The dependence of precipitation efficiency on rainfall type in a cloud-resolving model. J. Geophys. Res., 116, D21207, doi:10.1029/2011JD016117.
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Gao, S., F. Ping, and X. Li, 2006: Cloud microphysical processes associated with the diurnal variations of tropical convection: A 2D cloud resolving modeling study. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 91, 9-16, doi: 10.1007/s00703-005-0108-5.
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Gao, S., F. Ping, and X. Li, 2006: Tropical heat/water vapor quasi-equilibrium and cycle as simulated in a 2D cloud-resolving model. Atmos. Res., 79, 15-29, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2005.04.002.
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Gao, S., F. Ping, X. Li, and W. -K. Tao, 2004: A convective vorticity vector associated with tropical convection: A two-dimensional cloud-resolving modeling study. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D14106, doi:10.1029/2004JD004807.
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Gao, S., X. Cui, and X. Li, 2009: A modeling study of diurnal rainfall variations during the 21-day period of TOGA COARE. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 26, 895-905, doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-8123-6.
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Gao, S., X. Cui, Y. Zhou, and X. Li, 2005: Surface rainfall processes as simulated in a cloud-resolving model. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10202, doi:10.1029/2004JD005467.
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Gao, S., X. Cui, Y. Zhou, X. Li, and W. -K. Tao, 2005: A modeling study of moist and dynamic vorticity vectors associated with two-dimensional tropical convection. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D17104, doi:10.1029/2004JD005675.
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Gent, P. R., 1991: The heat budget of the TOGA--COARE domain in an ocean model. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 3323-3330.
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Gosnell, R., C. W. Fairall, and P. J. Webster, 1995: The sensible heat of rainfall in the tropical ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 100(C9), 18,437-18,442, doi:10.1029/95JC01833.
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Grachev, A. A., C. W. Fairall, and S. E. Larsen, 1998: On the Determination of the Neutral Drag Coefficient in the Convective Boundary Layer. Bound.-Lay. Meteorol.,86, 257-278, doi: 10.1023/A:1000617300732.
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Grant, A. L. M., and P. Hignett, 1998: Aircraft observations of the surface energy balance in TOGA-COARE. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 124: 101-122, doi: 10.1002/qj.49712454505.
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Guichard, F., D. Parsons, and E. Miller, 2000: Thermodynamic and Radiative Impact of the Correction of Sounding Humidity Bias in the Tropics. J. Climate, 13, 3611-3624, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3611:TARIOT>2.0.CO;2.
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Guichard, F., J. L. Redelsperger, and J. R. Lafore, 2000: Cloud-resolving simulation of convective activity during TOGA-COARE: Sensitivity to external sources of uncertainties. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 126: 3067-3095. doi: 10.1002/qj.49712657005.
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Gutzler, D. S., G. N. Kiladis, O. A. Meehl, K. M. Weickmann, and M. Wheeler, 1994: The Global Climate of December 1992-February 1993. Part II: Large-Scale Variability across the Tropical Western Pacific during TOGA COARE. J. Climate, 7, 1606-1622, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<1606:TGCODP>2.0.CO;2.
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Halverson, J. B., B. S. Ferrier, T. M. Rickenbach, J. Simpson, and W. -K. Tao, 1999: An Ensemble of Convective Systems on 11 February 1993 during TOGA COARE: Morphology, Rainfall Characteristics, and Anvil Cloud Interactions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 1208-1228, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<1208:AEOCSO>2.0.CO;2.
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Harrison, D. E., and G. A. Vecchi, 1997: Westerly Wind Events in the Tropical Pacific, 1986-95*. J. Climate, 10, 3131-3156, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<3131:WWEITT>2.0.CO;2.
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Hendon, H. H., and J. Glick, 1997: Intraseasonal Air-Sea Interaction in the Tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans. J. Climate, 10, 647-661, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0647:IASIIT>2.0.CO;2.
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Heymsfield, A. J., G. M. McFarquhar, W. D. Collins, J. A. Goldstein, F. P. J. Valero, J. Spinhirne, W. Hart, and P. Pilewskie, 1998: Cloud properties leading to highly reflective tropical cirrus: Interpretations from CEPEX, TOGA COARE, and Kwajalein, Marshall Islands, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D8), 8805-8812, doi:10.1029/97JD03679.
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Hildebrand, P. H., 1998: Shear-Parallel Moist Convection over the Tropical Ocean: A Case Study from 18 February 1993 TOGA COARE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 1952-1976, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<1952:SPMCOT>2.0.CO;2.
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Hildebrand, P. H., W. Lee, C. A. Walther, C. Frush, M. Randall, E. Loew, R. Neitzel, and R. Parsons, 1996: The ELDORA/ASTRAIA Airborne Doppler Weather Radar: High-Resolution Observations from TOGA COARE. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 213-232, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0213:TEADWR>2.0.CO;2.
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Horinouchi, T., 2002: Mesoscale Variability of Tropical Precipitation: Validation of Satellite Estimates of Wave Forcing Using TOGA COARE Radar Data. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2428-2437, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<2428:MVOTPV>2.0.CO;2.
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Iacobellis, S. F., R. C. J. Somerville, 2000: Implications of Microphysics for Cloud-Radiation Parameterizations: Lessons from TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 161-183, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<0161:IOMFCR>2.0.CO;2.
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Igau, R. C., M. A. LeMone, and D. Wei, 1999: Updraft and Downdraft Cores in TOGA COARE: Why So Many Buoyant Downdraft Cores? J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 2232-2245, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<2232:UADCIT>2.0.CO;2.
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Jabouille, P., J. L. Redelsperger, and J. P. Lafore, 1996: Modification of Surface Fluxes by Atmospheric Convection in the TOGA COARE Region. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 816-837, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<0816:MOSFBA>2.0.CO;2.
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Johnson, D. E., W. -K. Tao, J. Simpson, and C -H. Sui, 2002: A Study of the Response of Deep Tropical Clouds to Large-Scale Thermodynamic Forcings. Part I: Modeling Strategies and Simulations of TOGA COARE Convective Systems. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 3492-3518, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<l;3492:ASOTRO>2.0.CO;2.
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Johnson, R. H., and P. E. Ciesielski, 2000: Rainfall and Radiative Heating Rates from TOGA COARE Atmospheric Budgets. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1497-1514, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<1497:RARHRF>2.0.CO;2.
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Johnson, R. H., and X. Lin, 1997: Episodic Trade Wind Regimes over the Western Pacific Warm Pool. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2020-2034, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<2020:ETWROT>2.0.CO;2.
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Johnson, R. H., P. E. Ciesielski, and J. A. Cotturone, 2001: Multiscale Variability of the Atmospheric Mixed Layer over the Western Pacific Warm Pool. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2729-2750, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<2729:MVOTAM>2.0.CO;2.
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Johnson, R. H., P. E. Ciesielski, and K. A. Hart, 1996: Tropical Inversions near the 0°C Level. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1838-1855, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<l1838:TINTL>2.0.CO;2.
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Johnson, R.H., P.E. Ciesielski, and T.M. Rickenbach, 2016: A Further Look at Q1 and Q2 from TOGA COARE. Meteorological Monographs, 56, 1.1–1.12, https://doi.org/10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-15-0002.1.
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Jorgensen, D. P., M. A. LeMone, and S. B. Trier, 1997: Structure and Evolution of the 22 February 1993 TOGA COARE Squall Line: Aircraft Observations of Precipitation, Circulation, and Surface Energy Fluxes. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1961-1985, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<1961:SAEOTF>2.0.CO;2.
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Karoly, D. J., G. L. Roff, and M. J. Reeder, 1996: Gravity wave activity associated with tropical convection detected in TOGA COARE Sounding data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 23(3), 261-264, doi:10.1029/96GL00023.
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Kikuchi, K., and Y. N. Takayabu, 2004: The development of organized convection associated with the MJO during TOGA COARE IOP: Trimodal characteristics. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L10101, doi:10.1029/2004GL019601.
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Kiladis, G. N., and M. Wheeler, 1995: Horizontal and vertical structure of observed tropospheric equatorial Rossby waves. J. Geophys. Res., 100(D11), 22, 981-22,997, doi:10.1029/95JD02415.
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Kiladis, G. N., G. A. Meehl, and K. M. Weickmann, 1994: Large-scale circulation associated with westerly wind bursts and deep convection over the western equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 99(D9), 18, 527-18,544, doi:10.1029/94JD01486.
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Kozu, T., and T. Iguchi, 1999: Nonuniform Beamfilling Correction for Spaceborne Radar Rainfall Measurement: Implications from TOGA COARE Radar Data Analysis. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 16, 1722-1735, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1999)016<1722:NBCFSR>2.0.CO;2.
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Kundu, P. K., and T. L. Bell, 2003: A stochastic model of space-time variability of mesoscale rainfall: Statistics of spatial averages. Water Resour. Res., 39(12), 1328, doi:10.1029/2002WR001802.
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Lac, C., J. -P. Lafore, and J -L. Redelsperger, 2002: Role of Gravity Waves in Triggering Deep Convection during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1293-1316, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<1293:ROGWIT>2.0.CO;2.
Publications
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Lenschow, D., and J. Sun, 2007: The spectral composition of fluxes and variances over land and sea out to the mesoscale. Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 125, 63-84, doi: 10.1007/s10546-007-9191-8.
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Lewis, S. A., M. A. LeMone, and D. P. Jorgensen, 1998: Evolution and Dynamics of a Late-Stage Squall Line That Occurred on 20 February 1993 during TOGA COARE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 3189-3212, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<3189:EADOAL>2.0.CO;2.
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Li, Q., R. Ferraro, and N. Grody, 1998: Detailed analysis of the error associated with the rainfall retrieved by the NOAA/NESDIS SSM/I algorithm 1. Tropical oceanic rainfall, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D10), 11,419-11,427, doi:10.1029/98JD00680.
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Li, X., C. -H. Sui, and K. -M. Lau, 2002: Interactions between Tropical Convection and Its Environment: An Energetics Analysis of a 2D Cloud Resolving Simulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1712-1722, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<1712:IBTCAI>2.0.CO;2.
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Li, X., C. -H. Sui, D. Adamec, and K. -M. Lau, 1998: Impacts of precipitation in the upper ocean in the western Pacific warm pool during TOGA-COARE, J. Geophys. Res., 103(C3), 5347-5359, doi:10.1029/97JC03420.
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Liberti, G. L., F. Chéruy, and M. Desbois, 2001: Land Effect on the Diurnal Cycle of Clouds over the TOGA COARE Area, as Observed from GMS IR Data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1500-1517, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<1500:LEOTDC>2.0.CO;2.
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Lin, J. -L., and B. E. Mapes, 2004: Radiation Budget of the Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2050-2062, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<2050:RBOTTI>2.0.CO;2.
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Lin, X., and R. H. Johnson, 1996: Heating, Moistening, and Rainfall over the Western Pacific Warm Pool during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3367-3383, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<3367:HMAROT>2.0.CO;2.
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Lin, X., and R. H. Johnson, 1996: Kinematic and Thermodynamic Characteristics of the Flow over the Western Pacific Warm Pool during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 695-715, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<0695:KATCOT>2.0.CO;2.
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Liu, C., M. W. Moncrieff, and W. W. Grabowski, 2001: Explicit and Parameterized Realizations of Convective Cloud Systems in TOGA COARE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1689-1703, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<1689:EAPROC>2.0.CO;2.
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Liu, G., and J. A. Curry, 1998: Remote Sensing of Ice Water Characteristics in Tropical Clouds Using Aircraft Microwave Measurements. J. Appl. Meteor., 37, 337-355, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1998)037<0337:RSOIWC>2.0.CO;2.
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Loehrer, S. M., T. A. Edmands, and J. A. Moore, 1996: TOGA COARE Upper-Air Sounding Data Archive: Development and Quality Control Procedures. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 2651-2671, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<2651:TCUASD>2.0.CO;2.
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Lòpez Carrillo, C., and D. J. Raymond, 2005: Moisture Tendency Equations in a Tropical Atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 1601-1613, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JAS3424.1.
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Lucas, C., and E. J. Zipser, 2000: Environmental Variability during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2333-2350, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2333:EVDTC>2.0.CO;2.
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McBride, J. L., N. E. Davidson, K. Puri, and G. C. Tyrell, 1995: The Flow during TOGA COARE as Diagnosed by the BMRC Tropical Analysis and Prediction System. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 717-736, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<0717:TFDTCA>2.0.CO;2.
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McFarlane, S. A., and K. F. Evans, 2004: Clouds and Shortwave Fluxes at Nauru. Part II: Shortwave Flux Closure. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2602-2615, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JAS3299.1.
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McFarquhar, G. M., S. Iacobellis, and R. C. J. Somerville, 2003: SCM Simulations of Tropical Ice Clouds Using Observationally Based Parameterizations of Microphysics. J. Climate, 16, 1643-1664, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<1643:SSOTIC>2.0.CO;2.
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Meehl, G. A., G. N. Kiladis, K. M. Weickmann, M. Wheeler, D. S. Gutzler, and G. P. Compo, 1996: Modulation of equatorial subseasonal convective episodes by tropical-extratropical interaction in the Indian and Pacific Ocean regions. J. Geophys. Res., 101(D10), 15,033-15,049, doi:10.1029/96JD01014.
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Moncrieff, M. W., S. K. Krueger, D. Gregory, J. -L. Redelsperger, and W. -K. Tao, 1997: GEWEX Cloud System Study (GCSS) Working Group 4: Precipitating Convective Cloud Systems. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 831-845, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<0831:GCSSGW>2.0.CO;2.
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Nuret, M., and M. Chong, 1996: Monitoring the Performance of the ECMWF Operational Analysis Using the Enhanced TOGA COARE Observational Network. Wea. Forecasting, 11, 53-65, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434(1996)011<0053:MTPOTE>2.0.CO;2.
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Ohlmann, J. C., 2003: Ocean Radiant Heating in Climate Models. Journal of Climate, 16, 1337-1351, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)16<1337:ORHICM>2.0.CO;2.
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Pavlopoulos, H., and V. K. Gupta, 2003: Scale invariance of regional wet and dry durations of rain fields: A diagnostic study. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D8), 8387, doi:10.1029/2002JD002763.
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Petersen, W. A., S. A. Rutledge, and R. E. Orville, 1996: Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Observations from TOGA COARE: Selected Results and Lightning Location Algorithms. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 602-620, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<0602:CTGLOF>2.0.CO;2.
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Plueddemann, A. J. et al., 1993: TOGA COARE Mooring Deployment, Mooring Check-out and Mooring Recovery Cruises: R/V Wecoma 7 October-1 November 1992, R/V Le Noriot 2 December-15 December 1992, R/V Wecoma 72 February-11 March 1993. UOP report, 93-5, 50 pp.
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Ralph, E. A., K. Bi, P. P. Niiler, and Y. du Penhoat, 1997: A Lagrangian Description of the Western Equatorial Pacific Response to the Wind Burst of December 1992: Heat Advection in the Warm Pool. J. Climate, 10, 1706-1721, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<1706:ALDOTW>2.0.CO;2.
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Redelsperger, J. -L., P. R. A. Brown, F. Guichard, C. How, M. Kawasima, S. Lang, T. Montmerle, K. Nakamura, K. Saito, C. Seman, W. K. Tao, and L. J. Donner, 2000: A gcss model intercomparison for a tropical squall line observed during toga-coare. I: Cloud-resolving models. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 126: 823-863, doi: 10.1002/qj.49712656404.
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Rickenbach, T. M., and S. A. Rutledge, 1998: Convection in TOGA COARE: Horizontal Scale, Morphology, and Rainfall Production. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2715-2729, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<l;2715:CITCHS>2.0.CO;2.
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Ridout, J. A., 2002: Sensitivity of Tropical Pacific Convection to Dry Layers at Mid- to Upper Levels: Simulation and Parameterization Tests. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 3362-3381, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<3362:SOTPCT>2.0.CO;2.
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Roff, G. L., and J. -I. Yano, 2002: Tropical convective variability in the CAPE phase space. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 128: 2317-2333, doi: 10.1256/qj.01.138.
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Roux, F., 1998: The oceanic mesoscale convective system observed with airborne Doppler radars on 9 February 1993 during TOGA-COARE: Structure, evolution and budgets. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 124: 585-614. doi: 10.1002/qj.49712454610.
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Salzmann, M., M. G. Lawrence, V. T. J. Phillips, and L. J. Donner, 2004: Modelling tracer transport by a cumulus ensemble: lateral boundary conditions and large-scale ascent. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 1797-1811, doi:10.5194/acp-4-1797-2004.
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Salzmann, M., M. G. Lawrence, V. T. J. Phillips, and L. J. Donner, 2007: Model sensitivity studies regarding the role of the retention coefficient for the scavenging and redistribution of highly soluble trace gases by deep convective cloud systems. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2027-2045, doi:10.5194/acp-7-2027-2007.
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Salzmann, M., M. G. Lawrence, V. T. J. Phillips, and L. J. Donner, 2008: Cloud system resolving model study of the roles of deep convection for photo-chemistry in the TOGA COARE/CEPEX region. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2741-2757, doi:10.5194/acp-8-2741-2008.
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Sassen, K., R. P. Benson, and J. D. Spinhirne, 2000: Tropical cirrus cloud properties derived from TOGA/COARE airborne polarization lidar. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(5), 673-676, doi:10.1029/1999GL010946.
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Saxen, T. R., and S. A. Rutledge, 1998: Surface Fluxes and Boundary Layer Recovery in TOGA COARE: Sensitivity to Convective Organization. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2763-2781, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2763:SFABLR>2.0.CO;2.
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Schiller, A., and J. S. Godfrey, 2005: A diagnostic model of the diurnal cycle of sea surface temperature for use in coupled ocean-atmosphere models. J. Geophys. Res., 110, C11014, doi:10.1029/2005JC002975.
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Sherwood, S. C., Roca, R., Weckwerth, T. M., & Andronova, N. G. (2010). Tropospheric water vapor, convection, and climate. Reviews of Geophysics, 48(2). doi:10.1029/2009rg000301
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Shinoda, T., 1995: Shipboard Measurements from R/V Moana Wave During TOGA COARE Enhanced Monitoring Cruises: Data Report. v. 95, Issue 7 of SOEST Technical Report, 201 pp.
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Sumi, A., and K. Takeuchi, 1995: TOGA-COARE in Japan: A Collection of Papers Presented in a Special Edition of the Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. J. Meteorol. Japan, (Collection), 409 pp.
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TOGA COARE International Project Office, 1995: Summary Report of the TOGA COARE International Data Workshop: Toulouse, France, 2-11 August 1994, 170 pp.
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Trier, S. B., M. A. LeMone, W. C. Skamarock, 1998: Effect of Three-Dimensional Structure on the Stormwide Horizontal Accelerations and Momentum Budget of a Simulated Squall Line. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 2580.2598, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<2580:EOTDSO>2.0.CO;2.
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Trier, S. B., W. C. Skamarock, and M. A. LeMone, 1997: Structure and Evolution of the 22 February 1993 TOGA COARE Squall Line: Organization Mechanisms Inferred from Numerical Simulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 386-407, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<0386:SAEOTF>2.0.CO;2.
Publications
Trier, S. B., W. C. Skamarock, M. A. LeMone, D. B. Parsons, and D. P. Jorgensen, 1996: Structure and Evolution of the 22 February 1993 TOGA COARE Squall Line: Numerical Simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2861-2886, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<2861:SAEOTF>2.0.CO;2.
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Tsuda, T., T. Nakamura, A. Shimizu, T. Yoshino, S. W. B. Harijono, T. Sribimawati, and H. Wiryosumarto, 1997: Observations of diurnal oscillations with a meteor wind radar and radiosondes in Indonesia. J. Geophys. Res., 102(D22), 26,217-26,224, doi:10.1029/96JD02311.
Publications
Tung, W., and M. Yanai, 2002: Convective Momentum Transport Observed during the TOGA COARE IOP. Part I: General Features. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1857-1871, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<1857:CMTODT>2.0.CO;2.
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Tung, W., and M. Yanai, 2002: Convective Momentum Transport Observed during the TOGA COARE IOP. Part II: Case Studies. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2535-2549, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<2535:CMTODT>2.0.CO;2.
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Tung, W., C. Lin, B. Chen, M. Yanai, and A. Arakawa, 1999: Basic modes of cumulus heating and drying observed during TOGA-COARE IOP. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(20), 3117-3120, doi:10.1029/1999GL900607.
Publications
Tyrrell, G. C., D. J. Karoly, and J. L. McBride, 1996: Links between Tropical Convection and Variations of the Extratropical Circulation during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2735-2748, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<2735:LBTCAV>2.0.CO;2.
Publications
Ulbrich, C. W., and D. Atlas, 1998: Rainfall Microphysics and Radar Properties: Analysis Methods for Drop Size Spectra. J. Appl. Meteor., 37, 912-923, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1998)037<0912:RMARPA>2.0.CO;2.
Publications
Ulbrich, C. W., and D. Atlas, 2002: On the Separation of Tropical Convective and Stratiform Rains. J. Appl. Meteor., 41, 188-195, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2002)041<0188:OTSOTC>2.0.CO;2.
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Velden, C. S., and J. A. Young, 1994: Satellite Observations during TOGA COARE: Large-Scale Descriptive Overview. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 2426-2441, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<2426:SODTCL>2.0.CO;2.
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Vickers, D., and S. K. Esbensen, 1998: Subgrid Surface Fluxes in Fair Weather Conditions during TOGA COARE: Observational Estimates and Parameterization. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 620-633, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<0620:SSFIFW>2.0.CO;2.
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von Hardenberg, J., L. Ferraris, and A. Provenzale, 2003: The shape of convective rain cells. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(24), 2280, doi:10.1029/2003GL018539.
Publications
Waliser, D. E., W. D. Collins, and S. P. Anderson, 1996: An estimate of the surface shortwave cloud forcing over the western Pacific during TOGA COARE. Geophys. Res. Lett., 23(5), 519-522, doi:10.1029/96GL00245.
Publications
Wang, C.-C., Chen, G. T.-J., Huang, H.-L., Carbone, R. E., & Chang, S.-W. (2012). Synoptic Conditions Associated with Propagating and Nonpropagating Cloud/Rainfall Episodes during the Warm Season over the East Asian Continent. Monthly Weather Review, 140(3), 721-747. doi:10.1175/mwr-d-11-00067.1
Publications
Wang, J., H. L. Cole, D. J. Carlson, E. R. Miller, K. Beierle, A. Paukkunen, and T. K. Laine, 2002: Corrections of Humidity Measurement Errors from the Vaisala RS80 Radiosonde-Application to TOGA COARE Data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 19, 981-1002, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<0981:COHMEF>2.0.CO;2.
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Wang, Y., W. -K. Tao, and J. Simpson, 1996: The Impact of Ocean Surface Fluxes on a TOGA COARE Convective System. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 2753-2763, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<2753:TIOOSF>2.0.CO;2.
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Webster, P. J., C. A. Clayson, and J. A. Curry, 1996: Clouds, Radiation, and the Diurnal Cycle of Sea Surface Temperature in the Tropical Western Pacific. J. Climate, 9, 1712-1730, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<1712:CRATDC>2.0.CO;2.
Publications
Webster, P.J. and R. Lukas, 1992: TOGA COARE: The Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 1377–1416, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1992)073<1377:TCTCOR>2.0.CO;2.
Publications
Wei, D., A. M. Blyth, and D. J. Raymond, 1998: Buoyancy of Convective Clouds in TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 3381-3391, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<3381:BOCCIT>2.0.CO;2.
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Weller, R. A., and S. P. Anderson, 1996: Surface Meteorology and Air-Sea Fluxes in the Western Equatorial Pacific Warm Pool during the TOGA Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment. J. Climate, 9, 1959-1990, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<1959:SMAASF>2.0.CO;2.
Publications
Wikle, C. K., R. F. Milliff, and W. G. Large, 1999: Surface Wind Variability on Spatial Scales from 1 to 1000 km Observed during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 2222-2231, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<2222:SWVOSS>2.0.CO;2.
Publications
WOCE/TOGA Surface Velocity Programme Planning Committee, World Ocean Circulation Experiment, and Tropical Ocean/Global Atmosphere Program, 1994: WOCE / report of the seventh meeting (SVP-7), Sea Lodge at La Jolla Shores, CA, USA, 2-4 November 1994. Wormley, England: WOCE International Project Office, 23 pp.
Publications
Wu, X., and M. A. LeMone, 1999: Fine Structure of Cloud Patterns within the Intraseasonal Oscillation during TOGA COARE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2503-2513, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<2503:FSOCPW>2.0.CO;2.
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Wu, X., and M. W. Moncrieff, 2001: Long-Term Behavior of Cloud Systems in TOGA COARE and Their Interactions with Radiative and Surface Processes. Part III: Effects on the Energy Budget and SST. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 1155-1168, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<1155:LTBOCS>2.0.CO;2.
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Wu, X., and S. Guimond, 2006: Two- and Three-Dimensional Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations of the Mesoscale Enhancement of Surface Heat Fluxes by Precipitating Deep Convection. J. Climate, 19, 139-149, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCL3610.1.
Publications
Wu, X., M. W. Moncrieff, and K. A. Emanuel, 2000: Evaluation of Large-Scale Forcing during TOGA COARE for Cloud-Resolving Models and Single-Column Models. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2977-2985, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2977:EOLSFD>2.0.CO;2.
Publications
Wu, X., W. D. Hall, W. W. Grabowski, M. W. Moncrieff, W. D. Collins, and J. T. Kiehl, 1999: Long-Term Behavior of Cloud Systems in TOGA COARE and Their Interactions with Radiative and Surface Processes. Part II: Effects of Ice Microphysics on Cloud-Radiation Interaction. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3177-3195, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<3177:LTBOCS>2.0.CO;2.
Publications
Wu, X., W. W. Grabowski, and M. W. Moncrieff, 1998: Long-Term Behavior of Cloud Systems in TOGA COARE and Their Interactions with Radiative and Surface Processes. Part I: Two-Dimensional Modeling Study. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2693-2714, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2693:LTBOCS>2.0.CO;2.
Publications
Yanai, M., B. Chen, and W. Tung, 2000: The Madden-Julian Oscillation Observed during the TOGA COARE IOP: Global View. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2374-2396, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2374:TMJOOD>2.0.CO;2.
Publications
Yang, S., and E. A. Smith, 1999: Moisture Budget Analysis of TOGA COARE Area Using SSM/I-Retrieved Latent Heating and Large-Scale Q2 Estimates. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 16, 633-655, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1999)016<0633:MBAOTC>2.0.CO;2.
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Yang, S., and E. A. Smith, 2000: Vertical Structure and Transient Behavior of Convective-Stratiform Heating in TOGA COARE from Combined Satellite-Sounding Analysis. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 1491-1513, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2000)039<1491:VSATBO>2.0.CO;2.
Publications
Yoneyama, K., and D. B. Parsons, 1999: A Proposed Mechanism for the Intrusion of Dry Air into the Tropical Western Pacific Region. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1524-1546, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<1524:APMFTI>2.0.CO;2.
Publications
You, Y., 1995: Salinity Variability and Its Role in the Barrier-Layer Formation during TOGA-COARE. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 2778-2807, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025<2778:SVAIRI>2.0.CO;2.
Publications
Young, G. S., D. V. Ledvina, and C. W. Fairall, 1992: Influence of Precipitating Convection on the Surface Energy Budget Observed During a Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Pilot Cruise in the Tropical Western Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 97(C6), 9595-9603, doi:10.1029/92JC00689.
Publications
Yuter, S. E., and R. A. Houze, 1997: Measurements of Raindrop Size Distributions over the Pacific Warm Pool and Implications for Z-R Relations. J. Appl. Meteor., 36, 847-867, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1997)036<0847:MORSDO>2.0.CO;2.
Publications
Zeng, X., M. Zhao, and R. E. Dickinson, 1998: Intercomparison of Bulk Aerodynamic Algorithms for the Computation of Sea Surface Fluxes Using TOGA COARE and TAO Data. J. Climate, 11, 2628-2644, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<2628:IOBAAF>2.0.CO;2.
Publications
Zeng, X., M. Zhao, R. E. Dickinson, and Y. He, 1999: A multiyear hourly sea surface skin temperature data set derived from the TOGA TAO bulk temperature and wind speed over the tropical Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 104(C1), 1525-1536, doi:10.1029/1998JC900060.
Publications
Zhang, G. J., 2003: Convective quasi-equilibrium in the tropical western Pacific: Comparison with midlatitude continental environment. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D19), 4592, doi:10.1029/2003JD003520.
Publications
Zhang, G. J., and X. Wu, 2003: Convective Momentum Transport and Perturbation Pressure Field from a Cloud-Resolving Model Simulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 1120-1139, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<1120:CMTAPP>2.0.CO;2.
Publications
Zhou, X. L., M. A. Geller, and M. H. Zhang, 2001: Tropical Cold Point Tropopause Characteristics Derived from ECMWF Reanalyses and Soundings. J. Climate, 14, 1823-1838, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<1823:TCPTCD>2.0.CO;2.
Publications
Zuidema, P., 1998: The 600-800-mb Minimum in Tropical Cloudiness Observed during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2220-2228, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2220:TMMITC>2.0.CO;2.
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