A complete list of sensors, with serial numbers and locations+orientations determined using a Leica Multistation (laser theodolite) is available on our wiki page (copied below). (These locations are within a few cm relative accuracy, but coarse absolute in both position and orientation and x=0,y=0 is approximately 40.211578, -88.410728, or UTM 16N 379951.119 E 4452195.001 N.)
Briefly, there were 4 primary tower sites, init (where drainage flow was thought would initiate), rel (where artificial fog was released), uconv (the upper location where there was convergent flow from a side gully), and lconv (the next lower convergence zone with a side gully). All 4 locations had a multi-level flux profile tower, either 10m or 20m tall, placed in approximately the center of the gully. rel, uconv, and lconv also had short towers about 8m on either side of their main tower to check for horizontal homogeneity across the gully flow. In addition, there were 6 sites (P1--P6) with just a barometer, in the region surrounding the gully, to determine the pressure field.
dsm:port | did | sid | sensor | SN |
x (Easting m) |
y (Northing m) | z (MSL m) | azimuth (deg) | pitch (deg) | roll (deg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
initb:/dev/ttyUSB2 | 1 | 2 | Gill 2D sonic | 36.4 | ||||||
initb:/dev/ttyUSB0 | 1 | 4 | TRH.0.2m | 17.41 | -4.69 | 217.24 | ||||
initb:/dev/ttyUSB1 | 1 | 10 | CSAT3A+EC150 (EC100).1.5m | P1003; 1276; 1312 | 15.88 | -6.73 | 218.44 | 36.3 | -0.02 | NA |
initb:/dev/ttyUSB3 | 1 | 12 | TRH.1.5m | 17.44 | -4.63 | 218.45 | ||||
initb:/dev/ttyUSB4 | 1 | 30 | CSAT3A (EC100).3.0m | 2035; 1814 | 15.88 | -6.72 | 219.76 | 36.8 | -0.69 | 0.86 |
initb:/dev/gps_pty0 | 1 | 1000 | GPS | |||||||
initb:/dev/ttyUSB8 | 1 | 1020 | Power Monitor | |||||||
initm:/dev/ttyUSB0 | 3 | 40 | CSAT3.4.5m | 0540 | 15.60 | -7.11 | 221.00 | 36.3 | 1.20 | -1.19 |
initm:/dev/ttyUSB2 | 3 | 42 | TRH.4.5m | 17.42 | -4.63 | 221.01 | ||||
initm:/dev/ttyUSB1 | 3 | 60 | CSAT3A+EC150 (EC100).6.0m | 20454?; 1433; 1817 | 15.90 | -6.71 | 222.32 | 36.1 | -0.29 | -0.86 |
initm:/dev/ttyUSB6 | 3 | 100 | CSAT3.10m | 0800 | 15.60 | -7.11 | 225.78 | 36.3 |
0.51 |
-0.61 |
initm:/dev/ttyUSB7 | 3 | 102 | TRH.10m | 17.42 | -4.63 | 225.73 | ||||
initm:/dev/ttyUSB8 | 3 | 1020 | Power Monitor | |||||||
initm:/dev/gps_pty0 | 3 | 1000 | GPS | |||||||
rel1:/dev/ttyUSB0 | 11 | 2 | Gill 2D sonic | 105.7 | ||||||
rel1:/dev/ttyUSB2 | 11 | 4 | TRH.0.2m | TRH28 | 313.62 | 18.71 | 214.28 | |||
rel1:/dev/gps_pty0 | 11 | 1000 | GPS | |||||||
rel1:/dev/ttyUSB1 | 11 | 1110 | CSAT3A (EC100).1.5m.aux1 | 309.87 | 15.02 | 215.60 | 106.94 | 0.14 | -0.24 | |
rel1:/dev/ttyUSB3 | 11 | 1112 | TRH.1.5m.aux1 | 312.37 | 14.24 | 215.60 | ||||
rel1:/dev/ttyUSB7 | 11 | 0x8000 | NR01+soils.c (corn) |
mote32 NR24; TS32; HF23/HF14; QS15/QS14(Teardown); TP28 |
||||||
rel2:/dev/ttyUSB0 | 12 | 10 | CSAT3A+EC150 (EC100).1.5m | 2046; 1389;1702 | 311.03 | 19.39 | 215.50 | 105.44 | -1.09 | 1.34 |
rel2:/dev/ttyUSB2 | 12 | 12 | TRH.1.5m | 313.55 | 18.71 | 215.48 | ||||
rel2:/dev/ttyUSB6 | 12 | 14 | Nanobarometer.1.5m | |||||||
rel2:/dev/ttyUSB4 | 12 | 30 | CSAT3A (EC100).3.0m | P1005; 1800 | 311.03 | 19.40 | 216.78 | 105.73 | -0.27 | 1.14 |
rel2:/dev/gps_pty0 | 12 | 1000 | GPS | |||||||
rel2:/dev/ttyUSB3 | 12 | 1212 | TRH.1.5m.aux2 | 312.17 | 23.90 | 215.72 |
|
|||
rel2:/dev/ttyUSB5 | 12 | 1214 | CSAT3.1.5m.aux2 |
309.74 |
24.55 | 215.80 | 103.49 | -0.31 | -1.75 | |
relm:/dev/ttyUSB0 | 13 | 40 | CSAT3.4.5m | 0536 | 310.59 | 19.53 | 218.12 | 105.62 | 0.74 | -0.46 |
relm:/dev/ttyUSB2 | 13 | 42 | TRH.4.5m | 313.55 | 18.70 | 218.12 | ||||
relm:/dev/ttyUSB1 | 13 | 60 | CSAT3A+EC150 (EC100).6.0m | 1009; 1387; 1700 | 311.04 | 19.41 | 219.40 | 105.78 | -0.31 | 0.56 |
relm:/dev/ttyUSB4 | 13 | 80 | CSAT3.8.5m | 0538 | 310.60 | 19.54 | 221.19 | 106.01 | 0.81 | -0.98 |
relm:/dev/ttyUSB5 | 13 | 82 | TRH.8.5m | 313.55 | 18.69 | 221.18 | ||||
relm:/dev/ttyUSB6 | 13 | 100 | CSAT3.10m | 0537 | 310.60 | 19.54 | 223.18 | 106.03 | 0.99 | -1.22 |
relm:/dev/gps_pty0 | 13 | 1000 | GPS | |||||||
relt:/dev/ttyUSB0 | 14 | 150 | CSAT3.15m | 0677 | 310.59 | 19.53 | 227.52 | 105.31 | 0.28 | -1.40 |
relt:/dev/ttyUSB2 | 14 | 152 | TRH.15m | 313.55 | 18.70 | 227.47 | ||||
relt:/dev/ttyUSB1 | 14 | 200 | CSAT3A+EC150 (EC100).20m | P1006; 13286?; 1704 | 311.04 | 19.42 | 231.67 | 105.27 | -1.95 | -0.18 |
relt:/dev/ttyUSB3 | 14 | 202 | TRH.20m | 313.55 | 18.68 | 231.68 | ||||
relt:/dev/ttyUSB4 | 14 | 204 | Nanobarometer.20m | 123998 | ||||||
relt:/dev/gps_pty0 | 14 | 1000 | GPS | |||||||
relt:/dev/ttyUSB8 | 14 | 1020 | Power Monitor | |||||||
relt:/dev/ttyUSB5 | 14 | 0x8000 | NR01.20m | NR26 | ||||||
uconv1:/dev/ttyUSB2 | 21 | 2 | Gill 2D sonic |
1422017 1536012 replaced with 1335016 on 23 Oct |
131 | |||||
uconv1:/dev/ttyUSB0 | 21 | 4 | TRH.0.2m | 460.30 | -48.67 | 212.53 | ||||
uconv1:/dev/gps_pty0 | 21 | 1000 | GPS | |||||||
uconv1:/dev/ttyUSB8 | 21 | 1020 | Power Monitor | |||||||
uconv1:/dev/ttyUSB1 | 21 | 1110 | CSAT3A (EC100).1.5m.aux1 | 454.06 | -52.34 | 213.87 | 130.15 | 0.14 | 0.16 | |
uconv1:/dev/ttyUSB3 | 21 | 1112 | TRH.1.5m.aux1 | 456.06 | -54.03 | 213.86 | ||||
uconv2:/dev/ttyUSB0 | 22 | 10 | CSAT3A+EC150 (EC100).1.5m | P1010; 1467; 1818 | 458.32 | -46.94 | 213.64 | 131.19 | -0.23 | -0.01 |
uconv2:/dev/ttyUSB2 | 22 | 12 | TRH.1.5m | 460.30 | -48.66 | 213.71 | ||||
uconv2:/dev/ttyUSB4 | 22 | 30 | CSAT3A (EC100).3.0m | 2036; 1822 | 458.32 | -46.95 | 215.01 | 131.12 | -0.48 | 0.86 |
uconv2:/dev/gps_pty0 | 22 | 1000 | GPS (currently disabled) | |||||||
uconv2:/dev/ttyUSB1 | 22 | 1210 | CSAT3A (EC100).1.5m.aux2 | 462.03 | -40.77 | 213.75 | 131.80 | -0.03 | -0.48 | |
uconv2:/dev/ttyUSB3 | 22 | 1212 | TRH.1.5m.aux2 | 463.98 | -42.50 | 213.75 | ||||
uconv2:/dev/ttyUSB7 | 22 | 0x8000 | NR01+soils.g (grass) |
mote31 NR25; TS30/TS23?(Teardown); HF17; QS29; TP33 |
||||||
uconvm:/dev/ttyUSB0 | 23 | 40 | CSAT3.4.5m | 0855 | 457.96 | -46.65 | 216.29 | 130.56 | 0.22 | 0.17 |
uconvm:/dev/ttyUSB2 | 23 | 42 | TRH.4.5m | 460.30 | -48.66 | 216.25 | ||||
uconvm:/dev/ttyUSB1 | 23 | 60 | CSAT3A+EC150 (EC100).6.0m | 2037; 1385; 1813 | 458.30 | -46.96 | 217.81 | 130.62 | 0.03 | 0.92 |
uconvm:/dev/ttyUSB6 | 23 | 100 | CSAT3.10m | 1120 | 457.97 | -46.63 | 221.04 | 131.29 | 0.86 | -1.71 |
uconvm:/dev/ttyUSB7 | 23 | 102 | TRH.10m | 460.27 | -48.68 | 221.08 | ||||
uconvm:/dev/gps_pty0 | 23 | 1000 | Power Monitor | |||||||
uconvm:/dev/ttyUSB8 | 23 | 1020 | GPS | |||||||
lconv1:/dev/ttyUSB2 | 31 | 2 | Gill 2D sonic | 52.5 | ||||||
lconv1:/dev/ttyUSB0 | 31 | 4 | TRH.0.2m | 593.46 | -132.97 | 211.19 | ||||
lconv1:/dev/gps_pty0 | 31 | 1000 | GPS | |||||||
lconv1:/dev/ttyUSB1 | 31 | 1110 | CSAT3A+EC150 (EC100).1.5m.aux1 | 589.40 | -139.21 | 212.56 | 51.63 | 0.16 | 1.01 | |
lconv1:/dev/ttyUSB3 | 31 | 1112 | TRH.1.5m.aux1 | 591.46 | -137.59 | 212.56 | ||||
lconv2:/dev/ttyUSB0 | 32 | 10 | CSAT3A (EC100).1.5m | P1008; 1388; 1694 | 591.41 | -134.54 | 212.43 | 51.58 | -0.22 | 0.04 |
lconv2:/dev/ttyUSB2 | 32 | 12 | TRH.1.5m | 593.46 | -132.97 | 212.44 | ||||
lconv2:/dev/ttyUSB6 | 32 | 14 | Nanobarometer.1.5m | |||||||
lconv2:/dev/ttyUSB4 | 32 | 30 | CSAT3A (EC100).3.0m | P1001; 1810 | 591.39 | -134.56 | 213.61 | 52.31 | -0.51 | 0.52 |
lconv2:/dev/gps_pty0 | 32 | 1000 | GPS | |||||||
lconv2:/dev/ttyUSB1 | 32 | 1210 | CSAT3A (EC100).1.5m.aux2 | 2044->2045 on 27 Oct | 593.35 | -129.90 | 212.61 | 49.54 | -0.22 | -1.14 |
lconv2:/dev/ttyUSB3 | 32 | 1212 | TRH.1.5m.aux2 | 595.35 | -128.21 | 212.60 | ||||
lconv2:/dev/ttyUSB7 | 32 | 0x8000 | NR01+soils.b (soybeans) |
mote21 TS26; Q33; HF01; TP29 |
||||||
lconvm:/dev/ttyUSB0 | 33 | 40 | CSAT3.4.5m | 1119 | 591.01 | -134.83 | 214.98 | 52.78 | 0.65 | -0.69 |
lconvm:/dev/ttyUSB2 | 33 | 42 | TRH.4.5m | 593.47 | -132.97 | 214.97 | ||||
lconvm:/dev/ttyUSB1 | 33 | 60 | CSAT3A+EC150 (EC100).6.0m | P1002; 1384; 1696 | 591.38 | -134.56 | 216.30 | 52.57 | -0.59 | 0.45 |
lconvm:/dev/ttyUSB4 | 33 | 80 | CSAT3.8.5m | 0853 | 591.00 | -134.82 | 218.11 | 53.02 | 0.58 | -0.87 |
lconvm:/dev/ttyUSB5 | 33 | 82 | TRH.8.5m | 593.47 | -132.98 | 218.10 | ||||
lconvm:/dev/ttyUSB6 | 33 | 100 | CSAT3.10m | 0678 | 591.00 | -134.82 | 220.11 | 53.14 | 0.74 | -0.15 |
lconvm:/dev/gps_pty0 | 33 | 1000 | GPS | |||||||
lconvm:/dev/ttyUSB8 | 33 | 1020 | Power Monitor | |||||||
lconvt:/dev/ttyUSB0 | 34 | 150 | CSAT3.15m | 1124 | 591.00 | -134.81 | 224.40 | 52.87 | 0.96 | -1.30 |
lconvt:/dev/ttyUSB2 | 34 | 152 | TRH.15m | 593.42 | -133.02 | 224.45 | ||||
lconvt:/dev/ttyUSB1 | 34 | 200 | CSAT3A+EC150 (EC100).20m | 2031; 1277; 1313 | 52.31 | -1.44 | -0.17 | |||
lconvt:/dev/ttyUSB3 | 34 | 202 | TRH.20m | 593.50 | -132.99 | 228.60 | ||||
lconvt:/dev/ttyUSB4 | 34 | 204 | Nanobarometer.20m | 122850 | ||||||
lconvt:/dev/gps_pty0 | 34 | 1000 | GPS | |||||||
lconvt:/dev/ttyUSB8 | 34 | 1020 | Power Monitor | |||||||
lconvt:/dev/ttyUSB5 | 34 | 0x8000 | NR01.20m | NR2783 | ||||||
p1:/dev/ttyUSB0 | 41 | 158 | PTB220 | 50610003 | ||||||
p1:/dev/gps_pty0 | 41 | 1000 | GPS | |||||||
p1:/dev/ttyUSB8 | 41 | 1020 | Power Monitor | |||||||
p2:/dev/ttyUSB0 | 42 | 158 | PTB220 | NCAR0001 | ||||||
p2:/dev/gps_pty0 | 42 | 1000 | GPS | |||||||
p2:/dev/ttyUSB8 | 42 | 1020 | Power Monitor | |||||||
p3:/dev/ttyUSB0 | 43 | 158 | PTB220 | 4110001 | ||||||
p3:/dev/gps_pty0 | 43 | 1000 | GPS | |||||||
p3:/dev/ttyUSB8 | 43 | 1020 | Power Monitor | |||||||
p4:/dev/ttyUSB0 | 44 | 158 | PTB220 | 50610001 | ||||||
p4:/dev/gps_pty0 | 44 | 1000 | GPS | |||||||
p4:/dev/ttyUSB8 | 44 | 1020 | Power Monitor | |||||||
p5:/dev/ttyUSB0 | 45 | 158 | PTB220 | 4110003 | ||||||
p5:/dev/gps_pty0 | 45 | 1000 | GPS | |||||||
p5:/dev/ttyUSB8 | 45 | 1020 | Power Monitor | |||||||
p6:/dev/ttyUSB0 | 46 | 158 | PTB220 | 4110004 | ||||||
p6:/dev/gps_pty0 | 46 | 1000 | GPS | |||||||
p6:/dev/ttyUSB8 | 46 | 1020 | Power Monitor |
There was a lot of animal (mouse, rabbit, deer) activity during this experiment, which primarily impacted deployment of the PI's DTS fiber-optic temperature sensing system. ISFS cables that were not our green cable (ethernet and soil sensors) suffered some damage. We learned to encase these in hard plastic sleeves, but not before loosing some data.
Power was the biggest issue for our system. ISFS used solar power at all sites, but field staff were kept busy reconfiguring these power systems to provide adequate power for each of the heavily-instrumented towers. After extensive testing both in the field and later in the lab, it appears that the charge controllers were not optimal for the batteries we were using. This combination of controller and battery had been used successfully by ISFS for over a decade, but may never have been pushed to this extreme of poor solar input (cloudy, in the fall), and large load. (ISFS has since changed to a MPPT charge controller and LiPO batteries.) As a result, several hours of night-time (primarily early-morning) data often were lost at individual towers. Fortunately, most of these outages did not overlap with project IOPs.
16 Sep: Operations started
25 Sep, 9PM: gust front came through site
2 Oct: Sensor cleaning and gravimetric soil sampling
7 Oct: More soil cores (after heavy rain the day before)
11 Oct: corn harvested
13 Oct: cleaned sensors
19-20 Oct: soybeans harvested
22 Oct: cleaned sensors
24 Oct: took soil samples
15 Nov: Operations end
NR01 integrated 4-component radiometers were used to measure the 3 dominant land cover types: corn (.c), soybeans (.b), and grass (.g, in the gully). These were mounted on our camera tripods at approx 2.2m (corn), 1.5m (soybeans), and 0.7m (grass), to obtain a reasonable footprint, though the corn sensor probably ended up below the corn tassels. These sensors worked as expected and no data quality issues were noted, however data have been removed when our leaf wetness sensor indicated moisture on the surface. Specific notes:
nr01.20m.rel mote cable became disconnected. Fixed 23 Sep.
An error was discovered in the NR01 radiometer measurements. Coefficients provided by the manufacturer and unique to each sensor were swapped for the Rsw.out (outgoing shortwave radiation) and Rpile.in (radiant heat within the radiometer dome) parameters. This also affects the derived parameters Rlw.in (incoming longwave radiation) and Rsum (the total of all 4 components) - refer to https://www.eol.ucar.edu/node/1935 for the calculation. The plot below is a test example from the CHEESEHEAD campaign with the upper left Rsw.out and upper right Rlw.in before correction, and the bottom row after correcting for this switch.
Sensors with serial numbers greater than 14 are affected and require correction, i.e. apply the correct coefficients for Rsw.out and Rpile.in parameters and update the measured values, including derived Rlw.in and Rsum. Refer to the Table below for a list of the site, associated NR01 serial number, and whether corrections are required.
These measurements have been corrected for the 5-minute averaged data files (now version 2.0), and are available at the EOL Field Data Archive: https://doi.org/10.26023/NKWR-EYWS-5J0W
Site | NR01 Serial Number |
Requires Coeffient Correction? |
---|---|---|
Rel - corn | 24 | Yes |
Rel - 20 m | 26 | Yes |
Uconv - grass | 25 | Yes |
Lconv - soybeans | 29 | Yes |
Lconv - 20 m | 19 | Yes |
Gill WindObservers were deployed upside-down ("flipped") to measure wind speed close to the surface (0.2m). Mounting upside down allowed water to enter the connector of the sensor at uconv, which caused us to lose some data. We also had to write new code to accommodate this orientation. Also, due to the inverted orientation of the Gills we were unable to accurately measure their azimuth with the Multistation, instead relying on averaging the azimuths of the above 3D sonics to estimate orientation.
CSAT3AW sonic anemometers were used for turbulence measurements on all gully towers. Some reported a poor sonic signal. It was determined that a factory quality parameter was set too tight. Adjusting this parameter solved this issue. The missing data cannot be recovered. Specific notes:
CSAT EC-150 infrared absorption gas analyzers were used for H2O and CO2. Field staff noted very large CO2 values at night early in the project, as respired air built up in the gully, that probably are real. These sensors did have some short-duration resets that may have been related to power availability. Also, frequent dew formation at night caused readings to be overly high. In the 5-minute averages, we have not removed data based on wetness sensor values, but could do so in the future. For the high-rate data files, we have implemented a filter removing data when the 5min average h2o deviates by more than 2 g/kg from the mean of the TRH H2O values. This conservative filter still has some values that clearly are not correct, especially as the dew forms. Finally, some obvious spikes in Pirga were removed by imposing a lower limit.
Specific notes:
Each tower used NCAR temperature/relative humidity sensors for vertical profiles. This version had housings in which the fans were direct connected to the power line (the old fan controller electronics were removed, i.e.. "bypassed"). This makes it difficult to know when a fan dies, which did happen several times during the project. Some specific notes:
Our standard set of soil sensors were used to measure the top 5cm of soil at each of the radiometer sites.
All soybean soil sensors were disconnected on 18--20 Oct for harvesting operations.
Tsoil: NCAR soil temperature profiles were used to measure 4 levels from 0--5cm depth.
Qsoil: Decagon (now METER) EC-5 soil moisture probes were deployed at 5cm (having learned that 2.5cm was too high). These were periodically checked by taking gravimetric soil moisture readings.
Gsoil: REBS heat flux plates were deployed at 5cm to measure the soil heat flux, that will be corrected to a surface value using the Tsoil and TP01 data. These worked as expected and no data issues were identified.
TP01: Hukseflux TP01 soil thermal properties probes were deployed at 2.5cm to determine the heat capacity. These worked as expected and no data issues were identified.
A mix of 4 different types of sensors were deployed, listed here in decreasing order of accuracy:
The nanobarometers were connected to All-Weatther quad-disk probes and appeared to work normally.
The PTB220 barometers were connected to our PAM single-disk pressure ports at each of the 6 outlying pressure sites. All pressure sensors worked as expected. The only issue was when the P6 pressure tubing was found disconnected and fixed on 11 Nov. We were unable to determine precisely when this occurred, however we suspect it happened around 05 CDT on 26 Oct. We have removed a few outliers in the data between this time and 12 CDT on 11 Nov., but are not confident enough to justify removing all of the data during this period. Thus these data should be used with caution.
Both the PTB110 and solid-state barometers are not really intended as primary pressure sensors, they are present so that the EC150 can compute air density for use in the calculation of gas density. Hence, our labeling of these data as "Pirga", rather than "P". Their inlet is a sintered metal frit on the bottom of the EC150's electronics box, surrounded by cables. Adjustments (e.g. bias correction, despiking) may be necessary to use these data,
Principal Investigators:
Data Manager:
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