| Entry
| Date
| Title
| Site
| Author
| #Graphics
|
| 152 | Wed 22-Jul-1998 | SOIL GRAVMOIST BLKDENS VWF and Cs | NCAR | Tony Delany
|
| 121 | Wed 15-Jul-1998 | BOUYANCY DETERMINED BULK DENSITIES | NCAR | Tony Delany
|
| 117 | Tue 14-Jul-1998 | Soil core, pit and clod samples taken | NCAR | Tony Delany
|
| 111 | Sun 12-Jul-1998 | Soil core and trench samples Trime | NCAR | Tony Delany
|
| 106 | Fri 10-Jul-1998 | Moist layer in soil | NCAR | Tony Delany
|
| 100 | Wed 08-Jul-1998 | Soil parameters & storage term | NCAR | Tony Delany
|
| 99 | Wed 08-Jul-1998 | Soil cores taken/Trime measurement | NCAR | Tony Delany
|
| 97 | Tue 07-Jul-1998 | Re-planted Gsoil and Tsoil NCAR1 | NCAR | Tony Delany
|
| 91 | Tue 07-Jul-1998 | Bulk Density of soil | NCAR | Tony Delany
|
| 87 | Sun 05-Jul-1998 | Soil samples taken/Trime measurement made | NCAR | Tony Delany
|
| 72 | Wed 01-Jul-1998 | Changed sign of OKMN Gsoil in okmn.q | OKMN | Tom Horst
|
| 61 | Tue 30-Jun-1998 | Installed pair of gh flux plate and PRTD | OKMN | Jerry Brotzge
|
| 41 | Fri 26-Jun-1998 | TRIME TESTS | | Steve Semmer
|
| 40 | Fri 26-Jun-1998 | SOIL GRAVMOIST & BLKDENS | | Steve Semmer
|
| 34 | Thu 25-Jun-1998 | Soil moisture units | | Tom Horst
|
| 29 | Tue 23-Jun-1998 | Adjusted depth of Tsoil.2 | | Tom Horst
|
| 25 | Mon 22-Jun-1998 | Test with TRIME | | Steve Semmer
|
| 14 | Sat 20-Jun-1998 | Buried soil sensors | | Tom Horst
|
- 152: SOIL_SENSORS, Site NCAR, Wed 22-Jul-1998 16:56:22 CDT, SOIL GRAVMOIST BLKDENS VWF and Cs
This logbook entry uses the data from LOGBOOK # 40.
Using the following parameters:
Cm = 1.9 MJ.m-3.degreeK-1
Co = 2.5
Cw = 4.2
vmf = 0.65
vof = 0.01
vwf = blkdens(or BD) * gwf(or gravmoist or gravimetric water fraction or GF)
Cs = Cm * vnf + Co * vof + Cw * blkdens * gwf
= 1.22 + 0.03 + 4.2 * blkdens * gwf
= 1.25 + 4.2 * blkdens * gwf
Corer (SS)
date/time (CT) depth wet dry1 dry2 dry3 GF BD
6/26 11:30 4 cm 118.1 112.3 112.1 111.7 .06 1.22
6/26 11:45 6 cm 191.4 182.2 181.2 180.7 .06 1.33
Corer separated samples (TD)
Date / Time Depth Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens vwf Cs
5 Jul 09:30 0-6cm 25.6 24.6 1.0 0.041
20.7 19.9 0.8 0.042 0.040
24.3 23.4 0.9 0.038
Waxed clod (TD)
Date/ Time Depth Vol Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens vwf Cs
5 Jul 10:00 0-3 39 ~ 59.2 ~ ~ 1.50
3-6cm 86 ~ 120.3 ~ ~ 1.40
Corer total (TD)
Date/ Time Depth Vol Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens vwf Cs
7 Jul 10:00 0-6cm 137 173.9 168.7 5.2 0.031 1.23
Corer separated (TD)
Date/ Time Depth Vol Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens vwf Cs
8 Jul 09:30 0-3cm ~ 83.3 69.1 14.2 0.205 ~
3-6cm ~ 88.6 80.5 8.1 0.101 ~
Soil pit (TD)
Date/ Time Depth Vol Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens vwf Cs
12 Jul 0930 0-6cm ~ 19.3 18.4 0.9 0.049
21.2 20.2 1.0 0.050 0.049 ~
22.0 21.0 1.0 0.048
Corer total (TD)
Date/ Time Depth Vol Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens vwf Cs
12 Jul 0930 0-6cm 137 184.0 173.3 10.7 0.062 1.26
Soil pit (TD)
Date/ Time Depth Vol Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens vwf Cs
14 Jul 0930 0-6cm ~ 20.6 19.9 0.7 0.035
27.4 26.5 0.9 0.034 0.035
32.5 31.4 1.1 0.035
Corer total (TD)
Date/ Time Depth Vol Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens vwf Cs
14 Jul 0900 0-6cm 137 183.0 175.8 7.2 0.041
Soil clod (TD)
Date/ Time Depth Vol Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens vwf Cs
14 Jul 0900 0-6cm 89.6 134.0 129.2 4.8 0.037 1.44
0-6cm 80.2 118.8 114.2 4.6 0.040 0.036 1.42
0-6cm 57.1 83.6 81.0 2.6 0.032 1.42
Soil pit (TD)
Date/ Time Depth Vol Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens vwf Cs
18 Jul 0930 0-6cm ~ 26.4 23.4 1.0 0.043
25.7 24.7 1.0 0.041 0.041
26.2 25.2 1.0 0.040
Corer total (TD)
Date/ Time Depth Vol Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens vwf Cs
18 Jul 0930 0-6cm 137 174.6 168.3 6.3 0.037 1.23
Soil clod
Date/ Time Depth Vol Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens vwf Cs
18 Jul 0930 0-6cm 153.4 222.6 214.1 8.5 0.040 1.40
93.2 137.3 131.7 5.6 0.043 1.41
Date/ Time Depth Vol Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens vwf Cs
- 121: SOIL_SENSORS, Site NCAR, Wed 15-Jul-1998 09:46:48 CDT, BOUYANCY DETERMINED BULK DENSITIES
A bouyancy method was devized to determine the bulk density of the soil.
The soil at OASIS is compact and lends itself to the clod method of bulk
density determination. A chunk of the uppermost ~10cm of soil is brought
into the trailer and, using a plasterers trowel and a small saw, is shaped
into regular rectangular prisms, 6 cm deep and ~ 4 cm on a side.
The prisms are weighed fresh, baked for two days and then weighed dry.
Melted parawax is dribbled all over the dried clod using a heat gun so
the clod is impregnated with wax and made water proof without altering
its form or volume.
Conventionally the volume of the clod is then determined by displacement
of the water level in a graduated container.
A second method of determining volume involves weighing the waxed clod
in air and then suspended in water. Fortunately the soil balance has
a suspension hook which enable this to be done.
Apparent wt of waxed clod suspd in water = wt of waxed clod - bouyancy
Bouyancy of waxed clod = Volume of waxed clod * density of water
M.wx.sus = M.wx - V.wx * 1
V.wx = M.wx - M.wx.sus
Bulk density of dry clod = Mass of dry clod / Volume of dry clod
blkdens = M.dry / V.dry
Volume of dry clod = Volume of waxed clod
V.dry = V.wx
= M.wx - M.wx.sus
blkden = M.dry / M.wx - M.wx.sus
Example: The clod made from the sample collected 5 Jul, weighed dry 7 Jul and
had bouyancy determined 15 Jul
Top 6cm clod dry weight , M.dry = 120.3g
Top 6cm clod waxed weight , M.wx = 136.4g
Top 6cm clod waxed, suspended weight , M.wx.sus = 50.4g
blkdens = M.dry / ( M.wx - M.wx.sus )
= 120.3 / ( 136.4 - 50.4 )
= 120.3 / 86.0
= 1.40 g . cm-3
Date Depth Fresh Dry Waxed Immersed Volume Bulk density
5 Jul 0-6cm 120.3 136.4 50.4 86.0 1.40
0-3cm 59.2 64.1 25.1 39.0 1.52
Date Depth Fresh Dry Waxed Immersed Volume Bulk density
14 Jul 0-6cm 134.0 129.2 139.1 49.5 89.6 1.44
0-6cm 118.8 114.2 121.8 41.6 80.2 1.42
0-6cm 83.6 81.0 87.7 30.6 57.1 1.42
Date Depth Fresh Dry Waxed Immersed Volume Bulk density
- 117: SOIL_SENSORS, Site NCAR, Tue 14-Jul-1998 10:24:09 CDT, Soil core, pit and clod samples taken
At 09:00 CDT soil samples were taken from the area north of the rad stand.
A soil core was made and the top 0-6cm taken for a single sample.
A soil pit was dug ~12cm deep. A ~ 500g sample of the top 0-6cm portion
of the dressed edge was taken. Three soil moisture aliquots were made.
Two 12 cm deep chunks of the surface soil were extracted. On the bench three
rectangular prism clods were sawed from the chunk for soil moisture and
bulk density determination.
see #40
- 111: SOIL_SENSORS, Site NCAR, Sun 12-Jul-1998 10:06:16 CDT, Soil core and trench samples Trime
At 09:00 both a soil core sample and a soil trench sample were taken
in the area north of the roped-off radiometer stand.
Soil core, 0-6cm, fresh wt = 184.0g
Soil trench, 0-6cm, fresh wts CI = 19.3g CII = 21.2g CIII = 22.0g
At 10:00 the Trime probes were inserted Readings:
Moisture Vol% 6.7% 6.8% 6.9%
TDR level 56.0 56.0 56.0
Left probes in the ground to see if the readings will change with time,
At 10:35
Moisture Vol% 7.2% 7.1% 7.1%
TDR level 54 55 55
At 11:00
Moisture Vol% 7.1% 7.1% 7.1%
TDR level 54.0 55 55
The difference between the fist set of readings and all subsequent readings
may also have been due to the heating of the Trime electronics, as the sun
caused the box to heat considerably.
- 106: SOIL_SENSORS, Site NCAR, Fri 10-Jul-1998 10:21:38 CDT, Moist layer in soil
The major thunderstorm at 03:30 dumped heavy rain, leaving puddles on the dirt
road to the site. For the next three days test pits were dug at ~ 09:30
8 July: top 2.5cm of soil noticeably dark, below still dry.
9 July: top 3.5cm of soil dark
10 July: soil apparently uniform to inspection
Gravimetric soil moisture meaurements were made on 7 July, prior to the rain,
and on 8 July, after the rain measurements were made of 0-3cm and 3-6cm.
see #40
- 100: SOIL_SENSORS, Site NCAR, Wed 08-Jul-1998 16:03:46 CDT, Soil parameters & storage term
See ASTER/delany/soilparameters.ps for table of soil parameters for previous
deployments.
Deployment mindens vmf vof blkdens Cs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
g cm-3 ~ ~ g.cm-3 MJ.m-3. degreeK-1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SJVAQS 1.04 + 0.03 + 6.12*gravmoist
STORMFEST92 est 2.65 0.55 0.01 1.45 1.05 + 0.03 + 6.09*gravmoist
STORMFEST92 meas 2.17 0.47 0.01 1.38 0.89 + 0.03 + 5.80*gravmoist
FOOTPRINT92 2.22 0.65 0.01 1.43 1.24 + 0.03 + 6.01*gravmoist
CACHE94
FLATLAND96
CASES98
OASIS98 est 2.5 0.64 0.01 1.60 1.22 + 0.03 + 6.7*gravmoist
blkdens = dry soil mass / dry soil volume g.cm-3
gravmoist = (wet soil mass - dry soil mass)/ dry soil mass g.g-1
vmf = blkdens / mindens g.cm-3. g-1.cm3
vwf = gravmoist x blkdens g.cm-3. g-1.cm3
Cm = 0.46 cal.cm-3.degreeK-1 = 1.9 MJ.m-3.degreeK-1
Co = 0.60 cal.cm-3.degreeK-1 = 2.5 MJ.m-3.degreeK-1
Cw = 1.00 cal.cm-3.degreeK-1 = 4.2 MJ.m-3.degreeK-1
An approximate calculation of the soil volumetric heat capacity using previous
data
Cs = Cm x vmf + Co x vof + Cw x vwf MJ.m-3.degreeK-1
= (1.9 x vmf) + (2.5 x vof) + (4.2 x blkdens x gravmoist) MJ.m-3.degreeK-1
= (1.9 x 0.64)+ (2.5 x 0.01)+ (4.2 x 1.6 x gravmoist) MJ.m-3.degreeK-1
= (1.9 x 0.64)+ (2.5 x 0.01)+ (6.7 x 0.1) MJ.m-3.degreeK-1
= 1.22 + 0.03 + 0.67 MJ.m-3.degreeK-1
= 1.92 MJ.m-3.degreek-1
Crude calculation of the magnitude of the storage term, S
Typical heating/cooling is 15 degree in 12 hr (= 50000s)
If a simple linear heating and cooling at the surface occured, then:
Ht 1m2 to 5cm by 1degreeK in 1s for Cs=1.9 MJ.m-3.degreeK-1
0.05m3, 1degreeK, 1s, 1.9 MJ m-3.degreeK-1; 0.095 MJ.s.m-2
95000 J.s.m-2
Ht 1m2 to 5cm by 1 degreeK.in 1000s ....................... ; 95 J.s.m-2
Ht 1m2 to 5cm by 1 degreeK in 50 x 1000s ................. ; 1.9 J.s.m-2
Ht 1m2 to 5cm by 15 degreeK in 50 x 1000s ................. ; 27.5 J.s.m-2
............................................................; 27.5 W.m-2
That is, to a simple approximation, if the 5cm depth of soil is taken to be
heated uniformly during the day, and cooled uniformly during the night,
the storage term corresponds to a energy influx/outflux of ~ +_30 W.m-2
- 99: SOIL_SENSORS, Site NCAR, Wed 08-Jul-1998 09:13:14 CDT, Soil cores taken/Trime measurement
At 10:00 7 July a soil core was taken north of the roped-off area
Fresh wt of top 6cm = 173.9g
Placed in oven for two day bake.
During the night, at ~03:00, 8 July, it rained. At 08:30 the morning of 8 July
a test hole was dug. The moisture had penetrated 2-3cm. Below was still dry.
At 09:00 8 July a soil core was taken north of the roped-off area.
Fresh wt of 0 - 3cm = 83.3g
Fresh wt of 3 - 6cm = 88.6g
Placed in oven for two day bake.
At 09:30 a Trime measurement was made.
Moisture = 10.7 %, TDR level = 46.0
Note only the top few cm are moist.
- 97: SOIL_SENSORS, Site NCAR, Tue 07-Jul-1998 16:36:44 CDT, Re-planted Gsoil and Tsoil NCAR1
Examination of Gsoil for the past two week's data indicated that the
NCAR1 Gsoil values were markedly out of line with all the other G's.
To a lesser extent Tsoil T was also somewhat different.
At 16:15 CDT I dug out the two probes and reinstalled them.
I did not disturb the Msoil probe, although its output too was somewhat
out of line with the other moisture probes.
- 91: SOIL_SENSORS, Site NCAR, Tue 07-Jul-1998 09:23:37 CDT, Bulk Density of soil
On Sunday, 5 July a block of soil was dug up from the area immediately to
the north of the roped-off area around the radiation stand. It was noted that
the top several cm were more friable than the deeper soil.
In the trailer the block was whittled down to give roughly rectangular
prisms. One was formed from the top 3 cm and the other from the top 6 cm.
The blocks wereput in Al pans and baked for two days.
On Tuesday, 7 July the blocks were removed from the oven and weighed.
They were then impregnated with wax and their volumes determined by immersion
in water in a graduated vessel.
Top 3cm: Dry mass = 59.2g, Volume = 35cm3, Bulk density = 1.69 g cm-3
Top 6cm: Dry mass = 120.3g, Volume = 75cm3, Bulk density = 1.60 g cm-3
- 87: SOIL_SENSORS, Site NCAR, Sun 05-Jul-1998 11:02:02 CDT, Soil samples taken/Trime measurement made
At 09:00 CST a soil core was taken and a Trime measurement made.
The data is in Logbook entries 40 and 41
- 72: SOIL_SENSORS, Site OKMN, Wed 01-Jul-1998 10:31:48 CDT, Changed sign of OKMN Gsoil in okmn.q
It appears from the data that OKMN and NCAR have opposite sign conventions
for Gsoil, so I changed the sign of the OKMN data going into the NetCDF
file.
- 61: SOIL_SENSORS, Site OKMN, Tue 30-Jun-1998 14:42:00 CDT, Installed pair of gh flux plate and PRTD
18:00 UTC: Installed 2nd ground heat flux plate and PRTD
- 41: SOIL_SENSORS, Site , Fri 26-Jun-1998 15:20:47 CDT, TRIME TESTS
Below is a record of the Trime tests.
date/time (CT) Trime (%)
6/26 14:45 9.6
5 Jul 09:30 11.0% TDR level = 37
8 Jul 09:30 10.7% TDR level = 46.0
- 40: SOIL_SENSORS, Site , Fri 26-Jun-1998 12:33:21 CDT, SOIL GRAVMOIST & BLKDENS
This logbook entry will be used for soil core measurements
All weights will be grams.
NOTE: Try to make measurements as soon as possible after taking
the sample and baking. Moisture will be absorbed by the soil
if it has time to sit around in the trailer.
conversion to Bulk Density: (dry wt) / (22.9 * x cm)
x = depth of sample
x = 6cm, vol = 137.4 cm^3
conversion to Gravimetric Fraction: (wet wt - dry wt)/ (dry wt)
Corer (SS)
date/time (CT) depth wet dry1 dry2 dry3 BD GF
6/26 11:30 4 cm 118.1 112.3 112.1 111.7 1.22 .06
6/26 11:45 6 cm 191.4 182.2 181.2 180.7 1.33 .06
Corer separated samples (TD)
Date / Time Depth Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract
5 Jul 09:30 0-6cm (I) 25.6 24.6 1.0 0.041
(II) 20.7 19.9 0.8 0.042 0.040
(III) 24.3 23.4 0.9 0.038
Waxed clod (TD)
Date/ Time Depth Volume Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens
5 Jul 10:00 0-3 39 ~ 59.2 ~ ~ 1.50
3-6cm 86 ~ 120.3 ~ ~ 1.40
Corer total (TD)
Date/ Time Depth Volume Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens
7 Jul 10:00 0-6cm 137cm3 173.9 168.7 5.2 0.031 1.23
Corer separated (TD)
Date/ Time Depth Volume Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens
8 Jul 09:30 0-3cm ~ 83.3 69.1 14.2 0.205 ~
3-6cm ~ 88.6 80.5 8.1 0.101 ~
Soil pit (TD)
Date/ Time Depth Volume Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens
12 Jul 0930 0-6cm ~ I 19.3 18.4 0.9 0.049
II 21.2 20.2 1.0 0.050 0.049 ~
III 22.0 21.0 1.0 0.048
Corer total (TD)
Date/ Time Depth Volume Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens
12 Jul 0930 0-6cm 137 184.0 173.3 10.7 0.062 1.26
Soil pit (TD)
Date/ Time Depth Volume Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens
14 Jul 0930 0-6cm ~ I 20.6 19.9 0.7 0.035
II 27.4 26.5 0.9 0.034 0.035
III 32.5 31.4 1.1 0.035
Corer total (TD)
Date/ Time Depth Volume Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens
14 Jul 0900 0-6cm 137 183.0 175.8 7.2 0.041
Soil clod (TD)
Date/ Time Depth Volume Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens
14 Jul 0900 0-6cm ? 134.0 129.2 4.8 0.037
0-6cm ? 118.8 114.2 4.6 0.040 0.036
0-6cm ? 83.6 81.0 2.6 0.032
Soil pit (TD)
Date/ Time Depth Volume Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens
18 Jul 0930 0-6cm ~ I 26.4 23.4 1.0 0.043
II 25.7 24.7 1.0 0.041 0.041
III 26.2 25.2 1.0 0.040
Corer total (TD)
Date/ Time Depth Volume Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens
18 Jul 0930 0-6cm 137 174.6 168.3 6.3 0.037 1.23
Soil clod
Date/ Time Depth Volume Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens
18 Jul 0930 0-6cm 153.4 222.6 214.1 8.5 0.040 1.53
93.2 137.3 131.7 5.6 0.043
--------------------
Sample taken 30 Jul 98 14:15CDT,jwm
Corer total (TD)
Date/ Time Depth Volume Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens
30 Jul 14:15 0-6cm 137 186.2 180.9 5.3 0.029
Soil clod
Date/ Time Depth Volume Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract WaxDry WaxWet blkdens
30 Jul 14:15 0-6cm 225.4 220.3 5.1 0.023 233.9 86.2
143.6 139.7 3.9 0.028 151.6 56.1
--------------------
Sample taken 5 Aug 98 11:30CDT,jwm
We received about 1.8mm of rain at about 6:00-CDT, otherwise extreme
dry.
Soil pit (TD)
Date/ Time Depth Volume Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens
5 Aug 1130 0-6cm ~ I 34.9 33.6 1.3 0.0372
II 31.4 30.2 1.2 0.0397
III 24.9 23.9 1.0 0.0402
Note some problems with the corer and clod techniques as seen in the increase
of weights. I'll record these anyway but clearly in error.jm
Corer total (TD)
Date/ Time Depth Volume Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens
5 Aug 1130 0-6cm 137 178.3 178.2 .1
Soil clod
Date/ Time Depth Volume Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract WaxDry WaxWet blkdens
5 Aug 1130 0-6cm 152.5 154.1 -1.6
161.2 161.8 -0.6
Date/ Time Depth Volume Fresh Dry Diff Grav fract blkdens
- 34: SOIL_SENSORS, Site , Thu 25-Jun-1998 10:21:16 CDT, Soil moisture units
I modified the units of the CS615 soil moisture data in
OASIS98/ops1/prep.config.
The units of Mp were changed from "??" to "msec"
The units of Msoil were changed from "%V" to "V frctn" since
the data are volumetric fraction rather than percent volume.
- 29: SOIL_SENSORS, Site , Tue 23-Jun-1998 08:30:34 CDT, Adjusted depth of Tsoil.2
From the data, Tsoil.2 appears to be closer to the surface than Tsoil.1
and Tsoil.3. I dug down and pulled Tsoil.2 down a bit at about 8:15 CDT.
8:45 CDT: I did not look at the data carefully enough. Tsoil.2 actually
appeared to be deeper than 1 and 3. I dug it up again and tried to push
it closer to the surface. I put some new sod on the surface when I
backfilled the hole.
- 25: SOIL_SENSORS, Site , Mon 22-Jun-1998 14:54:22 CDT, Test with TRIME
Tried out the TRIME. Took a few readings. The response went
down from 11.2% to 10.5% in about 10 minutes.
- 14: SOIL_SENSORS, Site , Sat 20-Jun-1998 15:13:26 CDT, Buried soil sensors
Buried three sets of soil sensors 1-2m north of NW leg of radiation stand.
They are arranged roughly east (site 1) to west (site 3).
Placed heat flux plates at a depth of 2 inches (5 cm).
Placed CS615 soil moisture probes at a depth of 1.5 inches
(placed top of front plate of insertion tool at level of surface);
I intended to place the CS615s at a depth of 1 inch, but this would
put the electronics too close to the surface to cover with sod.
I inserted the soil temperature probes at an upward angle
from a depth of 2 inches.
Inserting the soil temperature probes from below has the advantage of
burying the cable; the disadvantage is that I am unsure of
the exact location, relative to the surface, of the tip of the probe.