T-28 Publication References

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Publications      A-D, E-H, I-L, M-P, Q-T, U-Z                                                                Back to Top

• Auer, A. H., Jr., and W. Sand, 1966: Updraft measurements beneath the base of cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds. J. Appl. Meteor., 5, 461-466.
  
• Blackmore, W. H. III., D. J. Musil, P. L. Smith, Jr., and A. Waldvogel, 1989: Spatial and temporal variations of the interior characteristics of Swiss thunderstorms. Atmos. Res., 23, 135-161.
  
• Boe, B.A., J. Stith, P. Smith, J. Hirsch, J. Helsdon Jr., A. Detwiler, H. Orville, B. Martner, R. Reinking, R. Meitin, R. Brown, 1992: The North Dakota Thunderstorm Project: A Cooperative Study of High Plains Thunderstorms. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 145-160.
  
• Bringi, V. N., K. Knupp, A. Detwiler, L. Liu, I.J. Caylor, and R.A. Black, 1997: Evolution of a Florida thunderstorm during the Convection and Precipitation/Electrification Experiment: The case of 9 August 1991. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 2131-2160.
  
• Bringi, V.N., L. Liu, P.C. Kennedy, V. Chandrasekar, and S.A. Rutledge, 1995: Dual multiparameter radar observations of intense convective storms: The 24 June 1992 case study. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 59, 3-31.
  
• Browning, K.A., J.C. Fankhauser, J.-P. Chalon, P.J. Eccles, R.G. Strauch, F.H. Merrem, D.J. Musil, E.L. May, ad W.R. Sand, 1976: Structure of an evolving hailstorm. Part V: Synthesis and implications for hail growth and hail suppression. Mon. Wea. Rev., 104, 603-610.
  
• Cannon, T.W., 1974: A camera for photography of atmospheric particles from aircraft. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 45, 1448-1455.
  
• Cannon, T.W. and R. Woltz, 1977: Camera for in situ photography of atmospheric cloud particles form an armored T-28 hail research aircraft. SPIE Semin. Proc., 125, 114-120.
  
• Carbone, R.E., M.J. Caprenter, and C.D. Burghart, 1985: Doppler radar sampling limitations in convective storms. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 2, 357-361.
  
• Changnon, S.A., R. Czys, F. Huff, E. Mueller, J. Nespor, R, Scott, N. Wescott, 1989: Operations Manual: The Precipitation Augmentation for Crops Experiment (PACE) Phase II: Exploratory Modification. Illinois State Water Survey, 75 pp.
  
• Czys, R.R., S. Changnon, M. Schoen Petersen, N. Westcott, R. Scott, 1993: The 1989 Precipitation Augmentation for Crops Experiment (PACE) Data Book, Illinois State Water Survey, 329 pp.
  
• Detwiler, Andrew and Andrew J. Heymsfield, 1987: Air Motion Characteristics in the Anvil of a Severe Thunderstorm during CCOPE. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 44, No. 15, pp. 1899-1911.
  
• Detwiler, A. G. and H. Norment, 1999: The M-Meter: A simple airborne hydrometeor measurement instrument. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 16, 960-969.
  
• Detwiler, A. G., P. L. Smith, Jr., J. L. Stith and D. A. Burrows, 1994: Observations of microphysical evolution in a High Plains thunderstorm anvil. Atmos. Res., 33, 25-35.
  
• Detwiler, A. G., P. L. Smith, Jr., J. L. Stith and D. A. Burrows, 1994: Ice-producing processes in a North Dakota cumulus cloud. Atmos. Res., 31(1-3), 109-122.
  
• Detwiler, A. G., P. L. Smith, Jr., G. Johnson, K. Hartman, C. Summers, and J. Leigh, 1996: In situ observations in thunderstorms. Proc., S.D. Acad. of Sciences, 75, 191-192.
  
• El-Magd, A., V. Chandrasekar, V.N. Bringi, and W. Strapp, 2000: Multiparameter radar and in situ aircraft observation of graupel and hail. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 38, 570-578.
  
• Feind, R. E., A. G. Detwiler, and P.L. Smith, Jr., 2000: Cloud liquid water measurements on the armored T-28: Intercomparison between Johnson-Williams cloud water meter and CSIRO (King) liquid water probe. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 17, 1630-1638.
  
• Foote, G.B., 1984: A study of hail growth utilizing observed storm conditions. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 23, 84-101.
  
• French, J. R., J. H. Helsdon, A. G. Detwiler and P. L Smith, Jr., 1996: Microphysical and electrical evolution of a Florida thunderstorm. 1: Observations. J. Geophys. Res., 101, No. D14, 18,961-18,977.
  
• Heymsfield, A.J., 1983: Case study of a hailstorm in Colorado: Part IV. Graupel and hail growth mechanisms deduced through particle trajectory calculations. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1482-1509.
  
• Heymsfield, A.J., A.R. Jameson, and H.W. Frank, 1980: Hail growth mechanisms in a Colorado storm. Part II: Hail formation process. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1779-1807.
  
• Heymsfield, A.J. and D.J. Musil, 1982: Case study of a hailstorm in Colorado. Part II: Particle growth processes at mid-levels deduced from in-situ measurements. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2847-2866.
  
• Heymsfield, A.J. and J.L. Parrish, 1979: Techniques Employed in the Processing of Particle Size Spectra and State Parameter Data Obtained with the T-28 Aircraft Platform. NCAR Technical Note No. NCAR/TN-137+IA.
  
• Heymsfield, A.J. and K.M. Miller, 1988: Water vapor and ice mass transported into the anvils of CCOPE thunderstorms: Comparison with storm influx and rainout. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 3501-3514.
  
• Heymsfield, A.J. and M.R. Hjelmfelt, 1984: Processes of hydrometeor development in Oklahoma convective clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2811-2835.
  
• Huston, M. W., A. G. Detwiler, F. J. Kopp, and J. L. Stith, 1991: Observations and model simulations of transport and precipitation development in a seeded cumulus congestus cloud. J. Appl. Meteor., 30, 1389-1406.
  
• Jameson, A.R. and A.J. Heymsfield, 1980: Hail growth mechanisms in a Colorado storm. Part I: Dual-wavelength radar observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1763-1778.
  
• Johnson, D.E., P.K. Wang, and J.M. Straka, 1994: A study of microphysical processes in the 2 August 1981 CCOPE supercell storm. Atmos. Res., 33, 93-123.
  
• Johnson, G. N., 1974: Distinctive features of the T-28 data system. Atmos. Tech., 6, 137-140.
  
• Johnson, G. N. and P. L. Smith, Jr., 1980: Meteorological instrumentation system on the T-28 thunderstorm research aircraft. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 61, 972-979.
  
• Kennedy, P.C. and A.G. Detwiler, 2003: A case study of the origin of hail in a multicell thunderstorm using in situ aircraft and polarimetric radar data. J. Appl. Meteor., 42, 1679-1690
  
• Knight, C.A., N.C. Knight, W.W. Grotewold and T.W. Cannon, 1977: Interpretation of foil impactor impressions of water and ice particles. J. Appl. Meteor., 16, 997-1002.
  
• Knight, C.A., W.A. Cooper, D.W. Breed, I.R. Paluch, P.L. Smith and G. Vali, 1982: Microphysics. Hailstorms of the Central High Plains, Vol. I, Chapter 7. The National Hail Research Experiment. National Center for Atmospheric Research in association with Colorado Assoc. Univ. Press, Boulder, CO. 282 pp.
  
• Kopp, F. J., 1985: Deduction of vertical motion in the atmosphere from aircraft measurements. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech, 2, 4, 684-688.
  
• Kubesh, R. J., D. J. Musil, R. D. Farley, and H. D. Orville, 1988: The 1 August 1981 CCOPE storm: Observations and modeling results. J. Appl. Meteor., 27, 216-243.
  
• Kyle, T.G., W.R. Sand, and D.J. Musil, 1976: Fitting measurements of thunderstorm updraft profiles to model profiles. Mon. Wea. Rev., 104, 611-617.
  
• Kyle, T.G., 1975: The measurement of water content by an evaporator. J. Appl. Meteor., 14, 327-332. Smith, P.L., 1976: Comments on "The Measurement of Water Content by an Evaporator". J. Appl. Meteor., 15, 189-191.
  
• Kyle, T.G., 1976: Reply. J. Appl. Meteor., 15, 191-192.
  
• Lenschow, D.H., 1976: Estimating updraft velocity from an airplane response. Mon. Wea. Rev., 104, 618-627.
  
• Liu, H. and V. Chandrasekar, 2000: Classification of hydrometeors based on polarimetric radar measurements: development of fuzzy logic and neuro-fuzzy systems, and in situ verification. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 17, 140-164.
  
• Mo, Q., A. G. Detwiler, J. Hallett, and R. Black, 2003: Horizontal structure of the electric field in the stratiform region of an Oklahoma mesoscale convective system. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D7), 4225, doi: 10.1029/2001JD001140.
  
• Mo, Q., A. G. Detwiler, J. H. Helsdon, W. P. Winn, G. Aulich and W. C. Murray, 2007: Hydrometeor charges observed below an electrified cloud using a new instrument. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmospheres, 112, D13207, doi:10.1029/2006JD007809.
  
• Mo, Q., A. E. Ebneter, P. Fleishhacker, and W.P. Winn, 1998: Electric field measurements with an airplane: A solution to problems caused by emitted charge. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 17,163-17,173.
  
• Mo, Q., J.H. Helsdon, Jr., and W.P. Winn, 2002: Aircraft observations of the creation of lower positive charges in thunderstorms. JGR-Atmospheres,107, (D22) 4616; doi:10.1029/2002JD002099.
  
• Mo, Q, R. E. Feind, F.J. Kopp, and A.G. Detwiler, 1999: Improved electric field measurements with T-28 armored research airplane. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 24,485-24,497.
  
• Monastersky, R., 1999: Squeezing clouds. Science News, 156, 56-58.
  
• Musil, D. J., A. J. Heymsfield, and P. L. Smith, Jr., 1986: Microphysical characteristics of a well developed weak echo region in an intense High Plains thunderstorm. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 5, 1037-1051.
  
• Musil, D. J., L. E. May, P. L. Smith, Jr., and W. R. Sand, 196: Structure of an evolving hailstorm. Part IV: Internal structure from penetrating aircraft. Mon. Wea. Rev., 104, 596-602.
  
• Musil, D. J., L. E. May, P. L. Smith, Jr., and W. R. Sand, 1976: Structure of an evolving hailstorm. Part IV: Internal structure from penetrating aircraft. NHRE Technical Report No. 76-1, IV-1-IV-25.P75-05c
  
• Musil, D. J. and P.L. Smith, Jr., 1986: Aircraft penetrations of WSwiss hailstorms - An update. J. Wea. Mod., 18, 108-111.
  
• Musil, D. J. and P.L. Smith, Jr., 1988: Hail growth processes in an Alberta hailstorm. J. Wea. Mod., 21, 65-72.
  
• Musil, D. J. and P.L. Smith, Jr., 1989: Interior characteristics at mid-levels of thunderstorms in the southeastern United States. Atmos. Res., 24, 149-167.
  
• Musil, D. J., S. A. Christopher, R. A. Deola, and P. L. Smith, Jr., 1991: Some interior observations of southeastern Montana hailstorms. J. Appl. Meteor., 30, 1596-1612.
  
• Musil, D. J., W. R. Sand, and R. A. Schleusener, 1973: Analysis of data from T-28 aircraft penetrations of a CO hailstorm. Prepared for NCAR for part of NHRE report.
  
• Musil, D. J., W. R. Sand, and R. A. Schleusener, 1973: Analysis of data from T-28 aircraft penetrations of a CO hailstorm. J. Appl. Meteor., 12, 1364-1370.
  
• Musil, D. J. and W. R. Sand, 1974: Use of the Rosemount icing rate probe in thunderstorm penetrations. Atmos. Tech., 6, 140-142.
  
• Peterson, B.A., D. J. Musil, and P.L. Smith, Jr., 1991: Computerized reduction of airborne foil impactor data from COHMEX thunderstorms. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 8, 691-696.
  
• Politovich, M., 1987: North Dakota State/Federal Weather Modification Program 1987 data inventory: Dickinson, North Dakota 9 June-5 July 1987, North Dakota Atmospheric Resource Board., 39, ISBN: B00071KYB2.
  
• Ramachandran, R. and A. G. Detwiler, 1993: Study of electrification in thunderstorms using in-situ aircraft measurements. Proc. S.D. Acad. Sci., 72, 189-199.
  
• Ramachandran, R., A. G. Detwiler, J. H. Helsdon, P. L. Smith, Jr., and V. N. Bringi, 1996: Precipitation development and electrification in Florida thunderstorm cells during CaPE. J. Geophys. Res., 101, No. D1, 1599-1619.
  
• Rasmussen, E.N., J. Straka, R. Davies-Johnes, C. Doswell III, F. Carr, M. Eilts, D. MacGorman, 1994: Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment: VORTEX. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 995-1006.
  
• Rasmussen, R.M. and A.J. Heymsfield, 1987: Melting and shedding of graupel and hail. Part III: Investigation of shed drops as hail embryos in the 1 August CCOPE severe storm. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2783-2803.
  
• Ryzhkov, A.V., D.S. Zrnic, and B.A. Gordon, 1998: Polarimetric method for ice water content determination. J. Appl. Meteor., 37, 125-134.
  
• Sand, W. R., 1976: Observations in hailstorms using the T-28 aircraft system. J. Appl. Meteor., 15, 641-650.
  
• Sand, W. R., R. A. Schleusener, and D. J. Musil, 1973: Observed updrafts and hail inside a thunderstorm. J. Wea. Modif., 5, 1, 24-29.
  
• Sand, W. R. and R. A. Schleusener, 1974: Development of an armored T-28 aircraft for probing hailstorms. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 55, 1115-1122.
  
• Sinkevich, A.A. and R. P. Lawson, 2005: A survey of temperature measurements in convective clouds. J. Appl. Meteor., 44, 1133-1145.
  
• Smith, P. L., Jr., D. J. Musil, A.G. Detwiler, and R. Ramachandran, 1999: Observations of mixed-phase precipitation within a CaPE thunderstorm. J. Appl. Meteor., 38(2), 145-155.
  
• Stith, J.L., A.G. Detwiler, R.F. Reinking, and P.L. Smith, 1990: Investigating transport, mixing and the formation of ice in cumuli with gaseous tracer techniques. Atmos. Res., 25, 195-216.
  
• Stith, J., J. Scala, R. Reinking, and B. Martner, 1996: Combined use of three techniques for studying transport and dispersion in cumuli. J. App. Meteor., 35, 1387-1401.
  
• T. J. Lang, L. J. Miller, M. Weisman, S. A. Rutledge, L. J. Barker, III, V. N. Bringi, V. Chandrasekar, A. Detwiler, N. Doesken, J. Helsdon, C. Knight, P. Krehbiel, W. A. Lyons, CCM, D. MacGorman, E. Rasmussen, W. Rison, W. D. Rust, and R. Thomas, 2004: The Severe Thunderstorm, Electrification and Precipitation Study (STEPS), Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 85, 1107-1125.
  
• Waldvogel, A., K. L. Klein, D. J. Musil, and P. L. Smith, Jr., 1986: Characteristics of radar-identified Big Drop Zones in Swiss hailstorms. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 26, 861-877.
  
• Warner, T.A., J.H. Helsdon, Jr., and A.G. Detwiler, 2003: Aircraft observations of a lightning channel in STEPS. AGU Geophysical Research Letters, 30, No. 19, 1984, doi:10.1029/2003GL017334.
  
• Woodley, W.L., G. Gordon, T.J. Henderson, B. Vonnegut, D. Rosenfeld, and A.G. Detwiler, 2003: Aircraft produced ice particles (APIPS): Additional results and further insights. J. Appl. Meteor., 42, 640-651.
  
• Yuter, S.E. and R.A. Houze, Jr., 1995: Three-dimensional kinematic and microphysical evolution of Florida cumulonimbus. Part I: Spatial distribution of updrafts, downdrafts, and precipitation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 1921-1940.
  
• Yuter, S.E. and R.A. Houze, Jr., 1995: Three-dimensional kinematic and microphysical evolution of Florida cumulonimbus. Part II: Frequency distributions of vertical velocity, reflectivity, and differential reflectivity. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 1941-1963.
  
• Yuter, S.E. and R.A. Houze, Jr., 1995: Three-dimensional kinematic and microphysical evolution of Florida cumulonimbus. Part III: Vertical mass transport, mass divergence, and synthesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 1964-1983.
  

Conference Proceedings      A-D, E-H, I-L, M-P, Q-T, U-Z                                            Back to Top

• Aydin, K. and T.M. Walsh, 1993: Analysis of the dual-polarization radar and T-28 aircraft measurements during an Oklahoma hailstorm. Preprints, 26th Int'l. Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 540-541.
  
• Aydin, K., T. M. Walsh and D. S. Zrnic, 1993: Analysis of the dual-polarization radar and T-28 aircraft measurements during an Oklahoma hailstorm. Preprints, 26th International Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Norman, OK, 24-28 May 1993. Amer. Meteor. Soc., Boston. 540-542.
  
• Beals, M., D.V. Kliche, A.G. Detwiler, S. Williams, 2006: On-line archive of storm penetrating data. 23rd Conf. on Severe Storms, St. Louis, MO, Nov. 3-10, 2006, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
  
• Bloomer, M. C., M. R. Hjelmfelt, A. G. Detwiler, P. L. Smith, Jr., B. E. Martner and J. L. Stith, 1995: Circulations and microphysical developments in convective cloud complexes observed with radar and aircraft. Preprint, 27th Conf. Radar Meteor., Vail, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 386-388.
  
• Brandes, E.A., J. Vivekanandan, J.D. Tuttle, and C.J. Kessinger, 1993: Sensing thunderstorm microphysics with multiparameter radar: Application for aviation. Preprints, 5th Conf. on Aviation Wea. Systems, Vienna, VA, 98-102.
  
• Cannon, T.W., 1976: A particle camera for powered aircraft. Preprints, Int'l. Conf. on Cloud Physics, 572-575.
  
• Chang, W-Y., A. G. Detwiler, M. R. Hjelmfelt, and P. L. Smith, Jr., 1995: Radar and in-situ microphysical observations in a High Plains squall line. Preprints, 27th Conf. Radar Meteor., Vail, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 559-561.
  
• Detwiler, A. G., and Feind, R.E., 1998: Intercomparison of T-28 J-W and King Probe cloud liquid water measurements: VORTEX/MIGHT, May and June 1995. Preprint, Conf. on Cloud Physics and 14th Conf. on Planned and Inadvertent Weather Modification, Everett, WA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 122-125.
  
• Detwiler, A. G., J. H. Helsdon, Jr., and D. J. Musil, 1990: Evolution of a band of severe storms. Preprint, Conf. Atmos. Elec., Kananaskis Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 705-709.
  
• Detwiler, A. G., J. H. Helsdon, D. J. Musil, R. Ramachandran, P. L. Smith, Jr., V. N. Bringi and I. J. Caylor, 1993: Observations of electrification in CaPE thunderstorms. Preprint, 17th Conf. on Severe Local Storms/Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, St. Louis, Res. Grant No. 91-0141 MO, Amer. Meter. Soc., J8-J15.
  
• Detwiler, A. G., J.H. Helsdon, D.V. Kliche, Q. Mo, and T.A. Warner, 2002: Lightning characteristics of two storms observed during STEPS. 21st Severe Storms Conference, San Antonio, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 311-314.
  
• Detwiler, A. G. and P. L. Smith, Jr., 1989: Thunderstorm observations with the armored T-28 aircraft.Extended Abstract, 3rd Interagency Airborne Geoscience Workshop, San Diego, CA.
  
• Detwiler, A. G., and P. L. Smith, Jr., 1991: Measurements of electric field using the armored T-28 aircraft. Presented at the 4th Interagency Airborne Geoscience Workshop, La Jolla, CA. (Abstract)
  
• Detwiler, A.G., P.L. Smith, Jr., G.N. Johnson, D.V. Kliche, 2004: Three decades of in situ observations inside thunderstorms. Preprints, 22nd Conf. On Severe Local Storms, Amer. Meteor. Soc., Hyannis, MA.
  
• Detwiler, A. G., P. L. Smith, Jr., and J. L. Stith: Observations of microphysical evolution in a High Plains thunderstorm. Preprints, 11th Intnl. Conf. on Clouds and Precipitation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Vol. 1, 260-263.
  
• Detwiler, A. G., P.L. Smith, Jr., and J.L. Stith, 1996: Studies of thunderstorm transport processes with aircraft using tracer techniques. Proc., 2nd Intn'l. Airborne Remote Sensing Conf. & Exhibition, San Francisco, CA., I-3-10.
  
• Farley, R. D., 1985: Simulation of the 2 Aug 1981 CCOPE hailstorm. International Cloud Modeling Workshop/Conference, Irsee, Germany, WMO, 99-110.
  
• Giori, K. L. and J.E. Nanevicz, 1992: Comparison of the electrical charging and discharging environments of multiple aircraft-borne electric-field measurement systems. Proc., 15th Int'l Aerospace and Ground Conf on Lightning and Static Electricity, Atlantic City, NJ, 27-1-27-10.
  
• Han, Q., W. B. Rossow, J. Chou, R.M. Welch, 1997: Comparison of ice cloud particle sizes retrieved from satellite data derived from in situ measurements. Preprints, 9th Conf. Atmos. Rad., Long Beach, CA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 368-372.
  
• Heymsfield, A. J., 1983: Case study of a hailstorm in Colorado: Part IV. Graupel and hail growth mechanisms deduced through particle trajectory calculations. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1482-1509.
  
• Heymsfield, A. J., D. J. Musil, and G. B. Foote, 1978: The CO hailstorm of 22 July 1976: III. Characteristics of the updraft region. 18th Conference on Radar Meteorology, Atlanta, GA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 226-231
  
• Heymsfield, A. J. and M. R. Hjelmfelt, 1981: Dynamical and microphysical observations in Two Oklahoma Squall Lines. Part II: In-Situ Measurements. Preprints, 20th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 60-65.
  
• Hjelmfelt, M.R. and A.J. Heymsfield, 1981: Dynamical and microphysical observations in 2 Oklahoma Squall Lines. Part I: Radar Measurements. Preprints, 20th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 55-59.
  
• Hjelmfelt, M. R., A. J. Heymsfield, and R.J. Serafin, 1981: Combined radar and aircraft analysis of a Doppler radar "black hole" region in an Oklahoma squall line. Preprints, 20th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 66-705.
  
• Hjelmfelt, M. R., L. R. Johnson, A. G. Detwiler, D. L. Priegnitz. P. L. Smith, Jr., B. A. Boe and R. F. Reinking, 1995: Radar analysis of the 15 July 1993 North Dakota record rainstorm. Preprint, 27th Conf. Radar Meteor., Amer. Meteor. Soc., Vail, CO, 571-573.
  
• Johnson, G. N., J. H. Killinger, D. J. Musil, and P.L. Smith, Jr., 1978: Cloud physics observations inside hailstorms with an armored aircraft data system. 4th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation, Denver, CO, 351-356.
  
• Kennedy, P.C., A. G. Detwiler, and P.L. Smith, Jr., 1999: Radar and aircraft observations of microphysical evolution in updraft regions of a High Plains multicellular thunderstorm. Preprints, 29th Int-l. Conf. Radar Meteorology, Montreal, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 355-357.
  
• Liao, L., R. Meneghini, T. Iguchi, and A. Detwiler, 1997: Estimation of snow parameters from dual-wavelength airborne radar. Preprints, 28th Radar Conference, Amer. Meteor. Soc., Austin, TX.
  
• Miller, J. R., Jr., D. J. Musil, G. N. Johnson, J. L. Halvorson, and P.L. Smith, Jr., 1978: Airborne versus ground hail sizes. Conference on Cloud Physics and Atmospheric Electricity, Issaquah, WA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 178-181.
  
• Miller, J. R., J. H. Hirsch, and H. D. Orville, 1981: Aircraft measurements versus cloud model variables in a Montana cumulus. Preprint, 8th Conf. on Inadvertent and Planned Weather Modification,
  
• Musil, D. J., A. G. Detwiler, D. L. Priegnitz, M. R. Hjelmfelt and P. L. Smith, Jr.: Radar and aircraft investigation of a North Dakota thunderstorm project storm complex (10 July 1989). Preprints, 26th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Norman, OK, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 91-93.
  
• Musil, D. J., A. G. Detwiler, D. L. Priegnitz, M. R. Hjelmfelt and P. L. Smith, Jr.: Radar and aircraft investigation of a North Dakota thunderstorm project storm complex (10 July 1989). Preprints, 26th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Norman, OK, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 91-93.
  
• Musil, D. J., A. J. Heymsfield, and P. L. Smith, Jr., 1982: Characteristics of the weak echo region in an intense High Plains thunderstorm as determined by a penetrating aircraft. Preprint, Conf. on Cloud Physics, Chicago, IL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 535-538.
  
• Musil, D. J., C. Knight, W.R. Sand, A.S. Dennis, and I. Paluch, 1976: Radar and related hydrometeor observations inside a multicell hailstorm. Preprint, International Conference on Cloud Physics, Boulder, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 644-649.
  
• Musil, D. J., E. L. May, P. L. Smith Jr., and W. R. Sand, 1974: Measurements of ice and liquid precipitation distributions inside hailstorms. Preprint, Conference on Cloud Physics, Tucson, AZ, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 267-270.
  
• Musil, D. J. and J. Prodan, 1980: Direct effects of lightning on an aircraft during intentional penetrations of thunderstorms. Symposium on Lightning Technology, Hampton, VA, NASA, 363-370.
  
• Musil, D. J., P. L. Smith, Jr., and A. J. Heymsfield, 1978: Total hydrometeor spectra in a hailstorm and implications for precipitation growth processes. Conference on Cloud Physics and Atmospheric Electricity, Issaquah, WA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 173-177.
  
• Musil, D. J., P. L. Smith, Jr., and A. Waldvogel,1984: Evaluation of the applicability of the accumulation zone hypothesis to Swiss hailstorms. Preprint, 9th Conference on Weather Modification, Park City, UT, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 29-30.
  
• Musil, D. J., P. L. Smith, Jr., and J. R. Miller, Jr., J.H. Killinger, and J.L. Halvorson, 1977: Characteristics of vertical velocities observed in T-28 penetrations of hailstorms. Preprint, 6th Conference on Inadvertent Weather Modification, Champaign-Urbana, IL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 166-169.
  
• Musil, D. J., P. L. Smith, Jr., and N. E. Westcott, 1990: Armored aircraft observations of a severe hailstorm in Illinois. Preprint, 16th Conf. on Severe Local Storms and the Conf. on Atmos. Electricity, Kananaskis Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 485-488.
  
• Musil, D. J. and P. L. Smith, Jr., 1988: Interior characteristics at mid-levels of thunderstorms in the southeastern United States. Preprint, 10th International Cloud Physics Conference, Bad Homburg, FRG, 638-640.
  
• Musil, D. J. and R. A. Deola, 1984: Interior characteristics of southeast Montana thunderstorms. Preprint, 9th International Cloud Physics Conference, Tallinn, USSR, 473-476.
  
• Musil, D. J., W. R. Sand, and R. A. Schleusener, 1973: An interior view of a hailstorm near 20,000 ft. Preprint, 8th Conference on Severe Local Storms, Denver, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 35-38.
  
• Orville, H. D. and L. M. Wu, 1984: A comparison of cloud model results and aircraft observations. 9th Int. Cloud Physics Conf., Tallinn, USSR, WMO, 561-564.
  
• Peterson, B.A., D.J. Musil, and P.L. Smith, Jr., 1990: Computerized reduction of airborne foil impactor data from COHMEX thunderstorms. Preprint, Conference on Cloud Phyics, San Francisco, CA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 352-355.
  
• Prodan, J., 1979: The T-28 thunder/hailstorm penetration aircraft. 3rd Annual Workshop on Meteorological and Environmental Inputs to Aviation Systems, Tullahoma, Tennessee.
  
• Sand, W.R., D.J. Musil, and T. G. Kyle, 1974: Observations of turbulence and icing inside thunderstorms. Preprint, 6th Conference on Aerospace and Aeronautical Meteorology, El Paso, TX, Amer. Meteor.Socl, 299-304.
  
• Sand, W.R., D.J. Musil, and R.A. Schleusener, 1974: Location of updrafts in relation to high reflectivity zones. Preprint, 4th National Conference on Weather Modification, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 133-138.
  
• Sand, W.R., D.J. Musil, and R. A. Schleusener, 174: Observed liquid water and ice composition of the high radar reflectivity zones and updraft areas of hailstorms. Preprint, conference on Cloud Physics Tucson, AZ, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 263-266.
  
• Sand, W. R., J.L. Halvorson, and T. G. Kyle, 1976: Turbulence measurements inside thunderstorms used to determine diffusion characteristics for cloud seeding. 2nd World Meteorological Organization Conference on Weather Modification, Boulder, CO, 539-545.
  
• Smith, P. L., Jr., 1982: Analysis of raindrop size data obtained by aircraft. HIPLEX Workshop, Denver, CO.
  
• Smith, P. L., Jr., A. G. Detwiler, 1996: Aircraft observations within thunderstorms for validation of microphysical inferences from multiparameter radar data. Proc., 2nd Intn'l. Airborne Remote Sensing Conf. & Exhibition, San Francisco, CA, II- 507-516.
  
• Smith, P. L., A. G. Detwiler, D. J. Musil, and R. Ramachandran: Observations of mixed-phase precipitation within a CaPE thunderstorm. Preprints, Conf. on Cloud Physics, Dallas, Texas, 15-20 Jan 1995. Amer. Meteor. Soc., Boston.
  
• Smith, P. L., Jr., A. G. Detwiler, D. J. Musil, V. Chandrasekar and V. N. Bringi: Coordinated aircraft and multi-parameter radar observations of CaPE warm-based clouds. Preprints, 11th Intnl. Conf. on Clouds and Precipitation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Vol. 1, 444-446.
  
• Smith, P. L., Jr., A. G. Detwiler, D. J. Musil and R. Ramachandran, 1995: Observations of mixed-phase precipitation within a CaPE thunderstorm. Preprint, Conf. on Cloud Physics, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 8-13.
  
• Smith, P. L., Jr., B. A. Boe, R.A. Brown, P.J. DeMott, B.A. Klimowski, B.E. Martner, H.D. Orville, R.F. Reinking and J.L. Stith, 1994: Some results from the North Dakota Thunderstorm Project. Proc. 6th WMO Scientific Conf. on Wea. Modif., Paestum, Italy, WMO, Vol. I, 93-96.
  
• Smith, P. L., Jr. and D. C. Jansen, 1982: Observations inside SESAME thunderstorms with an airborne hail spectrometer. Preprint, 12th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, San Antonio, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 16-19.
  
• Smith, P. L. Jr., D. J. Musil, S. F. Weber, J. F. Spahn, G. N. Johnson, and W. R. Sand, 1976: Raindrop and hailstone size distributions inside hailstorms. Preprint, International Conference on Cloud Physics, Boulder, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 252-257.
  
• Smith, P. L., Jr., D. J. Musil, and D. C. Jansen, 1980: Observations of anomalous large particles inside CO and Oklahoma thunderstorms. VIII International Conference on Cloud Physics, Clermont-Ferrand, France, 295-298.
  
• Smith, P. L., Jr., D.J. Musil, and A. Waldvogel, 1983: Clues regarding hail development processes from observations inside Swiss hailstorms. 13th Conference on Severe Local Storms, Tulsa, OK, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 9-12.
  
• Smith, P. L., Jr., D.J. Musil, and A. Waldvogel, 1984: Aircraft observations inside Swiss thunderstorms. 9th Intl. Cloud Physics Conf, Tallinn, USSR, WMO, 109-112.
  
• Spahn, J. F. and P.L. Smith, Jr., 1976: Some characteristics of hailstone size distributions inside hailstorms. Preprint, 17th Conference on Radar Meteorology, Seattle, WA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 187-191.
  
• Smith, P. L., Jr., T. E. Bowen, A.G. Detwiler, J.L. Stith, B.E. Martner, and R.F. Reinking, 1996: Summary of some cloud transport and dispersion experiments using a gaseous tracer and radar chaff. Proc., 12th Int. Conf. on Clouds and Precipitation, Zurich, Switzerland, 514-517.
  

Reports      A-D, E-H, I-L, M-P, Q-T, U-Z                                            Back to Top

• Detwiler, Andrew G., 1994: T-28 Deployment to Texas. Letter report.
• Detwiler, A.G., 1999: Participation by the SDSM&T Armored T-28 Storm-Penetrating Aircraft in the Turbulence Characterization and Detection Program. 51 pgs.
• Detwiler, A.G., K.R. Hartman and P.L. Smith, 1996: Summary of T-28 Participation in VORTEX/MIGHT, 1994-95. 108 pp.
• Detwiler, A.G. and P.L. Smith, 1995: Annual Progress Report on Armored T-28 Aircraft Facility Cooperative Agreement (ATM-9401117). 30 pp.
• Detwiler, A.G. and P.L. Smith, 1997: Annual Progress Report on Armored T-28 Aircraft Facility Cooperative Agreement (ATM-9618569). 17 pgs.
• Detwiler, A. G., R. F. Kelley and P. L. Smith, 1993: Summary report of T-28 deployment to Colorado (June 1992). 33 pp. + appendices.
• Detwiler, Andrew G., Kenneth R. Hartman, Gary N. Johnson and Richard F. Kelley, 1993: Summary of T-28 Participation in the North Dakota Tracer Experiment (1993). (Note: This document became R94-02.pdf.)
• Detwiler, Andrew G., Kenneth R. Hartman, Gary N. Johnson and Richard F. Kelley, 1994: Summary of T-28 participation in the North Dakota Tracer Experiment (1993). 52 pp. + appendices.
• Detwiler, Andrew G., Dennis J. Musil and Paul L. Smith, 1990: T-28 participation in the 1989 North Dakota Thunderstorm Project. 29 pp. + app.
• Detwiler, Andrew G., and Paul L. Smith, 1988: Annual progress report on T-28 aircraft facility cooperative agreement (ATM-8620145). 24 pp + appendices.
• Detwiler, Andrew G., and Paul L. Smith, 1988: T-28 participation in the 1987 field season of the North Dakota Federal/ State Cooperative Weather Modification Program. 46 pp.
• Detwiler, Andrew G., and Paul L. Smith, 1989: Annual progress report on T-28 aircraft facility cooperative agreement (ATM-8620145). 17 pp.
• Detwiler, Andrew G., and Paul L. Smith, 1990: Annual progress report on T-28 aircraft facility cooperative agreement (ATM-8620145). 24 pp.
• Detwiler, Andrew G., and Paul L. Smith, 1991: Annual progress report on T-28 aircraft facility cooperative agreement (ATM-8620145). 16 pp
• Detwiler, Andrew G., and Paul L. Smith, 1992: Annual progress report on armored T-28 aircraft facility cooperative agreement (ATM-9104474). 23 pp. + app.
• Detwiler, Andrew G., and Paul L. Smith, 1992: T-28 participation in the Convection and Precipitation/Electrification (CaPE) experiment. 32 pp. + app.
• Detwiler, Andrew G., and Paul L. Smith, 1992: T-28 participation in the Cooperative Oklahoma Profiler Studies (COPS-91). 27 pp. + app.
• Detwiler, Andrew G., and Paul L. Smith, 1994: Annual progress report on armored T-28 aircraft facility cooperative agreement (ATM-9104474). 26 pp.
• Feind, R.E., A.G. Detwiler, and P.L. Smith, 1999: Cloud Liquid Water Measurements on the Armored T-28: Intercomparison Between Johnson-Williams Cloud Water Meter and CSIRO (King) Liquid Water Probe.
• Feind, R.E., Q. Mo, and A.G. Detwiler, 1998: Report on T-28 Electric Field Measurements and Their Calibration. 179 pgs.
• Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, SDSMT, 1991: Bulletin 91-2. Armored T-28 Research Aircraft Facility. pp. 25
• Musil, D. J., 1971: National Hail Research Experiment - Armored Aircraft Work Plans - 1971. 18 pp.
• Musil, D. J., P. L. Smith, Jr., G. N. Johnson, J. L. Halvorson, C. A. Biltoft, J. F. Spahn, and S. F. Weber, 1976: Final report on the T-28 armored aircraft during the period 1 March 1975 - 29 February 1976. 44 pp.
• Musil, D. J., W. R. Sand, and R. A. Schleusener, 1973: Summary of T-28 field operations - 1973. 7 pp.
• Musil, Dennis J., 1981: Analysis of T-28 data from the 1978 CSD field season in Colorado. 32 pp.
• Musil, Dennis J., 1986: T-28 aircraft observations of Alberta thunderstorms during the summer of 1985. 27 pp. (Final Report)
• Musil, Dennis J., Andrew G. Detwiler and Paul L. Smith, 1989: T-28 participation in the 1989 precipitation augmentation for crops experiment in Illinois. 39 pp.
• Musil, Dennis J., and Paul L. Smith, 1986: T-28 data acquisition during COHMEX 1986. 19 pp.
• Musil, Dennis J., and W. R. Sand, 1972: National Hail Research Experiment - Armored Aircraft Work Plans - 1972. 18 pp.
• Musil, Dennis J., Joseph H. Killinger, and Gary N. Johnson, 1976: Summary of T-28 field operations - 1976. 18 pp.
• Musil, Dennis J., Paul L. Smith, Jr., and Arnett S. Dennis, 1979: Final report on hailstorm research using the T-28 armored aircraft. 27 pp.
• NCAR/RAP, 1999: Operations Summary for the Turbulence Characterization and Detection (TCAD). 17 pp.
• Prodan, John, Dennis J. Musil, Gary N. Johnson, and Paul L. Smith, Jr., 1978: Summary of T-28 field operations - 1978. 25 pp.
• Prodan, John, Dennis J. Musil, and Paul L. Smith, Jr., 1978: NCAR Convective Storms Division 1978 field program - T-28 armored aircraft work plans. 18 pp.
• Prodan, John, Dennis J. Musil, and Paul L. Smith, Jr., 1979: SESAME '79 field program - T-28 armored aircraft work plans. 27 pp.
• Sand, W. R., 1974: Use of the armored T-28 aircraft to obtain observations in hailstorms with emphasis on the characteristics of the high radar reflectivity zones. 76 pp.
• Sand, W. R., and D. J. Musil, 1975: Summary of T-28 field operations - 1975. 22 pp.
• Sand, W. R., D. J. Musil, and A. S. Dennis, 1975: Final report on T-28 armored aircraft during the period 1 March 1974 - 28 February 1975. 14 pp + appendices.
• Sand, W. R., D. J. Musil, and R. A. Schleusener, 1972: T-28 summary of operations, 1972 NHRE field season. 9 pp.
• Sand, W. R., D. J. Musil, and R. A. Schleusener, 1974: Final report on T-28 armored aircraft during the period 1 May 1973 - 1 March 1974. 27 pp.
• Sand, W. R., R. A. Schleusener, and J. H. Hirsch, 1972: Final report on T-28 armored aircraft during the period 1 May 1970 - 1 May 1971. 32 pp.
• Sand, W. R., R. A. Schleusener, and D. J. Musil, 1972: Final report of T-28 armored aircraft during the period 1 May 1971 -1 May 1972. 55 pp.
• Sand, W. R., R. A. Schleusener, and D. J. Musil, 1973: Final report of T-28 armored aircraft during the period 1 May 1972 - 1 May 1973. 23 pp.
• Sarma, R. Ananthakrishna, 1978: Compensation of T-28 updraft measurements for aircraft-induced effects using angle-of-attack data. 40 pp.
• Schleusener, R. A., J. H. Hirsch, and L. B. Youngren, 1970: Report on operation of T-28 armored aircraft with joint hail research project at Greeley, Colorado, 21 July - 1 August 1970. 23 pp.
• Smith, P.L., 1998: Summary of T-28 Participation in MOLAS, 1994-1998. 4 pgs.
• Smith, P.L., and A. G. Detwiler, 1999: Annual Progress Report on Armored T-28 Aircraft Facility Cooperative Agreement (ATM 9618569).
• Smith, P.L., and A. G. Detwiler: Summary of Storm Penetrating Aircraft Workshop. 29 pgs.
• Smith, P.L. and A.G. Detwiler, 1998: Annual Progress Report on Armored T-28 Aircraft Facility Cooperative Agreement (ATM-9618569). 18 pgs.
• Smith, P.L., A.G. Detwiler, J.H. Hirsch, L.R. Johnson, F.J. Koop, J.R. Miller, Jr., H.D. Orville, and D. L. Priegnitz, 1991: Acquisition and Analysis of Data for the North Dakota Thunderstorm Project. 65 pgs.
• Smith, P.L., A.G. Detwiler, M.R. Hjelmfelt, F.J. Kipp, L.R. Johnson, H.D. Orville, D.L. Rife, 1993: Research Related to the North Dakota Thunderstorm Project and the North Dakota Tracer Experiment. 75 pgs.
• Smith, Paul L., Andrew G. Detwiler, Richard F. Kelley and Daniel P. Custis, 1993: Annual progress report on armored T-28 aircraft facility cooperative agreement (ATM-9104474). 37 pp.
• Smith, Paul L., Jr., and Dennis J. Musil, 1980: T-28 aircraft observations of the interior characteristics of Florida thunderstorms during TRIP '78. 55 pp. (Final report)

Theses      A-D, E-H, I-L, M-P, Q-T, U-Z                                            Back to Top

All theses are M.S. degrees with the exception of Rand Feind, 2006 - which is a PhD Dissertation. Names in parentheses indicate the major professor. To receive a copy of any of these theses, please contact the South Dakota School of Mines Institude of Atmospheric Sciences

• Beals, M.: On-line Archive and Analysis Package of Data Collected with the T-28 Storm Penetrating Aircraft, 129 pp. (Detwiler).
• Blackmore, William: Spatial and temporal characteristics of radar-identified big drop zones in Swiss thunderstorms. December 1987. 96 pp. (Musil)
• Bloomer, Mark C.: Hail embryo formation and transport in high plains convective storms. December 1995. 169 pp. (Detwiler)
• Chang, Wen-Yu: The North Dakota squall line on July 17, 1989: Structure and microphysics analysis. December 1994. 121 pp. (Detwiler)
• Christopher, Sundar Anand: T-28 hail observations and radar characteristics of Montana thunderstorms. December 1989. 106 pp. (Musil)
• Deola, Regina A.: The internal characteristics of southeastern Montana thunderstorms. May 1984. 86 pp. (Musil)
• Eylander, John B.: Case study of convection occurring 8 August 1991 during the Convection and Precipitation/Electrification (CaPE) experiment. May 2001. 75 pp. (Detwiler)
• Feind, R.: Thunderstorms in situ Measurements from the Armored T-28 Aircraft: Comparison of Measurements from Two Liquid Water Instruments and Classification of 2D Probe Hydrometeor Images, 102 pp. (Detwiler)
• French, Jeffrey R.: Analysis of in situ and radar data and a numerical modeling study of the microphysical and electrical characteristics of a Florida thunderstorm. December 1994. 182 pp. (Helsdon)
• Goehring, Jason: The Electrification of a Severe Multicell Thunderstorm: A Study of the STEPS 19 June 2000 storm. May 2005. 110 pp. (A. Detwiler)
• Gonguez, Dennis: In situ evaluation of a hydrometeor classification scheme for polarimetric radar observables. May 2001. 177 pp. (Smith)
• Holm, Meagan: A Case Study of STEPS 3 June 2000: Electrification of a Low Precipitation Supercell. June 2005. 96 pp. (Helsdon)
• Huston, Michael W.: One- and two-dimensional model results compared with observations from a North Dakota cloud. December 1989. 97 pp. (Detwiler)
• Jameson, T. C.: Case study of a Colorado multi-cell hailstorm. December 1978. 60 pp. (Musil)
• Jansen, D. C.: An analysis of airborne hail spectrometer data. May 1981. 91 pp. (Smith)
• Jin, Qiaolin: Analysis of a Florida thunderstorm during the Convection and Precipitation/Electrification Project: The case of 13 August 1991. December 1996. 77 pp. (Detwiler)
• Krause, Todd D.: A comparison of vertical velocity methods applicable to the T-28 system. December 1984. 80 pp. (Musil)
• Kubesh, Rodney J.: The 1 August 1981 CCOPE storm: Observations and modeling results. May 1986. 91 pp. (Orville)
• Laco, C. P.: A technique for fitting exponential functions to precipitation particle size data. May 1978. 51 pp. (Smith)
• May, E. L.: Analysis of foil impactor data from armored aircraft penetrations of hailstorms. May 1974. 66 pp. (Musil)
• Murtha, Debra D.: Reflectivity and microphysical structure of convective storms in the southeastern part of the United States. December 1990. 86 pp. (Musil)
• Peterson, Bret A.: Hydrometeor characteristics in COHMEX thunderstorms as derived from computerized reduction of foil impactor data. May 1989. 75 pp. (Musil)
• Ramachandran, Rahul: Analysis of Florida thunderstorm: Study of electrification using in situ aircraft measurements and multiparameter radar. May 1994. 105 pp. (Detwiler)
• Sand, W. R.: Use of armored T-28 aircraft to obtain observations in hailstorms with emphasis on the characteristics of the high radar reflectivity zones. May 1974. 83 pp. (Musil)
• Sarma, R. A.: Compensation of T-28 updraft measurements for aircraft induced effects using angle-of-attack data. May 1978. 46 pp. (Smith)
• Shaw, W. S.: Development of an airborne optical hailstorm disdrometer. May 1974. 40 pp. (Smith)
• Smith, H.A. III: Design of an aircraft mounted hailstone momentum transducer. 1972. 30 pp. (Marner)
• Spahn, J. F.: The airborne hail disdrometer: An analysis of its 1975 performance. May 1976. 72 pp. (Smith)
• Warner, Tom A.: Aircraft observations of a lightning channel in STEPS. 2004. 57 pp. (J. Helsdon)
• Weber, S. F.: The Dm analysis of precipitation particle size distributions. June 1976. 86 pp. (Musil)
• Zhang, Yong: A modeling study of the 24 June 1992 thunderstorm in Colorado. May 1996. 116 pp. (Orville)

Other Citation Links

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• Meteorological Abstracts - (UCAR Access Only)

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