5.0 UPPER AIR MEASUREMENTS PROGRAM

6.0 SATELLITE MEASUREMENT PROGRAM

7.0 TRAJECTORY MODELING PROGRAM AND OPERATIONS TEST

8.0 PROJECT MANAGEMENT

9.0 DATA PROTOCOL AND MANAGEMENT

Appendix A INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION

Appendix B INTERNATIONAL STEERING GROUP

Appendix C UNITED STATES STEERING COMMITTEE

Appendix D LIST OF ACRONYMS

• Perform an operational test and model trajectory evaluation in preparation for the 1999 Field Campaign (IFP).

• Intense vertical aerosol profile and water vapor profile data collection at Male from 5 February - 24 February 1998 using SABL and radiosondes before they are deployed on the ship.

Figure 3-2

Intensified surface observations will be undertaken from the following sites:

• Indian Sub-continent: New Delhi (NPL); Mt. Abu (PRL); Pune (IITM); Trivandrum (SPL). The intensified observations will include LIDARs, spectrophotometers, surface chemical sampling and vertical profiling of water vapor and ozone. These stations are ideally positioned to sample aerosols at the source, as well as capturing the monsoonal flow. These stations will be operated by Indian institutions.

• Intensification of surface meteorological observations.

• Upper air observations four times per day with slow rising balloons from Bombay, Goa, Trivandrum and Minicoy.

• Balloon releases for wind and temperature profiles from Trivandrum coast when ORV SAGAR KANYA is anchored there.

• Male: C4 - SIO; University of Miami; NCAR. The observations at Male will include sun photometers, broadband pyrheliometers, pyranometers, and spectral radiometers. Chemical sampling of the surface air (O₃, CO, and SF₆) and NCAR LIDAR observations will be carried out during a special observing period between February 5 - 15. Sampling of surface air for analysis of CO, O₃, SF₆ and CFCs will continue year-round.

• Minicoy: SPL, India. Located just off the southern tip of India, this station will have sun photometers and spectral radiometers.

• Mauritius: NPL and SPL, India. This site will have sun photometers and radiometers.

• Reunion: operated by French institutions. This site has LIDARs, sun photometers, and vertical ozone sondes. The detailed listing of the instruments are given in Section 4.3 and the INDOEX design document.

4.1 GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS

The following includes a consolidated list of experiments on aerosols, radiation and trace gas measurements, proposal for INDOEX, from different ground sites in India/abroad. These measurements are planned to be made regularly and begin much prior to the 1998 INDOEX FFP and are expected to continue through the1999 INDOEX IFP. This list is based on:

1. The draft report generated after the National Workshop on INDOEX (NPL, August 1996) and the subsequent Paris meeting;
2. Deliberations in the INDOEX International Workshop at NPL (3 - 5 January 1997);
3. Discussions in the Working Group Meeting on ground sites (6 January 1997 at NPL);
4. Deliberations in the INDOEX Cruise 120 Results Review and National Steering Committee meetings held at NPL, New Delhi, 13 û 14 August 1997.
5. Additional inputs obtained to date.

[The measurements are basically pertinent to aerosols, radiation flux and trace gases. Some unknown areas still exist for which inputs have not yet been received and these are identified by `?' marks. These may be filled in while finalizing the list.]

Table 4.1 summarizes the major ground sites and types of measurements prepared at each location, while Table 4.2 gives a more detailed measurement plan.

4.2 INDIAN OCEAN AEROSOLS PROGRAM

The objective of the program coordinated by the University of Miami (J.M. Prospero, D.L. Savoie and H. Maring) in is to develop a 2.5 year surface-based record of aerosol physical and chemical properties in the region of the INDOEX Intensive Field Phase. In order to obtain data that can be used for planning purposes for the Intensive, we will install the field station in January 1998 on the island of Meerufenfushi, Maldive Islands. At that time we will install a high-volume aerosol sampler modified with the insertion of 10 micron and 1 micron impactor stages; with these filter and impaction substrates we will measure aerosol composition in two size ranges: 1 - 10 micron diameter and the fraction below 1 micron. To minimize impacts from local sources, the sampler is controlled by a wind sensor system that activates the samples only when the winds blow from the open ocean at a velocity greater than or equal to 1 m/s. The operating parameters and the local meteorological conditions (wind direction and velocity, temperature and RH) are logged by a computer and will become a part of the meteorological record for the site. The sampler will collect daily continuous samples (when conditions are met); all samples are returned to Miami on a weekly basis for analysis. Also in January 1998 we will deploy instruments that measure aerosol light-scatter and light-absorption properties. We will make continuous measurements of:

2. Aerosol light scatter using integrating nephelometers (Radiance Research, Model M903). These will be coupled with switchable 1 micron and 10 micron impactors so as obtain data that is specific to the large particle and sub-micron size ranges. Measurements will be made on air streams that are intermittently heated to reduce the relative humidity to less than 50%. In this way we obtain measure of light scatter both at ambient relative humidity and under conditions when the aerosol is nominally "dry." The Nephelometer data will be related to the size-fractionated chemical composition to estimate the mass scattering efficiency of the individual aerosol species.
3. Total aerosol absorption coefficient using an aerosol absorption photometer (Radiance Research Particle/Soot Absorption Photometer) operating in the green spectral range. The absorption photometer will be controlled so that it only samples when winds blow from the sea. All aerosol data are logged on a computer at one-minute intervals. The concentration of organic components and black carbon will be estimated using a step-wise oxidation procedure and using non-dispersive IR measurement of the evolved CO2; these measurements will be made on a subset of the quartz filters used in the aerosol absorption photometer system. Aerosol absorption coefficients will also be remeasured on a subset of the absorption photometer filter samples after combustion at 500 degrees C in an attempt to differentiate the absorption resulting from the combustible (primarily black carbon) and non-combustible (principally mineral dust) components. All chemical data and aerosol measurements will be processed promptly so that the data can be used for planning of the INDOEX Intensive field phase. Measurements will continue through the Spring of 2000.

1. To characterize the thermodynamic structure of the lower troposphere over the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean.
2. To analyze energy budget at the Ocean surface and estimate different components in it.
3. To estimate entrainment parameters at the top of the Marine Boundary Layer (MBL).
4. To study the marine tropopause structure and implications for related exchange mechanisms.
5. To estimate the clear sky radiation fluxes at the sea surface in the near infrared bands and compare with observed fluxes.
6. To examine the dependence of aerosol column optical depths on the boundary layer relative humidity/column water vapor amount.
7. To simulate the outgoing OLR in the window region (10 - 12 microns) and compare it with observed values by INSAT and AVHRR data using the water vapor distribution.
8. To relate the observed cloud structure to the thermodynamics of the lower troposphere.
9. To correlate ozone vertical variation with the thermodynamic structure of the marine environment.
10. To test model parameterizations over the Indian Ocean domain and provide corrections for model plume trajectories during the operational phase.

5.2 OTHER OBJECTIVES

The data from the meteorological measurements will be used to plan INDOEX aircraft and ship tracks. The soundings will be of use in initializing and verifying pre-INDOEX numerical model studies, and calibrating remote sensing measurement algorithms.

5.3 METHODOLOGY

1. Height of the MBL will be estimated from yjr vertical profiles of wind, temperature, and humidity and analyzed as a function of surface fluxes, SST, distance from the ITCZ and the coast line.
2. Temporal and spatial variation of winds, temperature, and humidity will be obtained using the soundings.
4. The growth of MBL and the associated convection in the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean will be documented. Sample trajectories related to actual plumes will be obtained by releasing four test boundary layer superpressurized (isopycnic) balloons from Goa, drifting at about 925 hPa nominal pressure
5. Various components of the surface energy budget will be estimated using the surface turbulent heat flux, radiation and ocean-mixed layer measurements.
6. Estimate the entrainment velocities using surface fluxes and associated convection with the scalar profiles. A more detailed estimate will be made using the aircraft measurements in the next phase.
7. Provide vertical profiles of humidity and temperature to achieve scientific objectives 6 and 7.
8. Ozone sondes are planned to be released for the vertical ozone variation and the observations will be related to the boundary layer and the upper atmosphere thermodynamics.
9. Cloud depths and extent will be determined from the profiles of humidity and temperature obtained from the CLASS while the ship observer will maintain a log of the cloud types and their oktal distribution.

High-resolution soundings of the marine boundary layer are essential to determine the height of the boundary layer, the tropopause structure, and to estimate entrainment. Transition of the boundary layer from a region of no convection (northern Arabian Sea) to a region of shallow

convection (southern Arabian Sea and northern Indian Ocean) and on to a region of to deep convection (near the ITCZ) requires obtaining the soundings systematically along the proposed ship tracks. The soundings will be taken in such way to investigate the existence of any diurnal

variations. CLASS soundings will provide the required high vertical resolution (40m), particularly in the boundary layer. There is no climatology of detailed information made in this region. Observations of CLASS profiles were made in conjunction with surface turbulent fluxes

during the ORV SAGAR KANYA cruise 120 (December 27, 1996 to January 30, 1997) by NCSU, SPL, and IISc.

Additionally,

1. Devdutta S. Niyogi and Sethu Raman (NCSU) are already developing a report of the soundings made during the pre-INDOEX cruise in January 1997.
2. A numerical modeling study is also underway at NCSU using profiles and satellite imagery in collaboration with U.C. Mohanty (IITD).
3. Additionally, K. SenGupta (SPL) is collaborating with NCSU to develop and test a refined algorithm for air-sea interaction fluxes and turbulence analysis to be used during 1998 and 1997. Observations made jointly by NCSU, SPL, and IISc during cruise 120 are being analyzed.
4. The ship instrumentation and measurement protocol is being validated by NCSU, SPL, and IISc (G. S. Bhat, S. Ammenullah, and A. Prabhu).

6.1 SPECIFIC SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES

1. Test satellite retrievals of optical depth along the ship track against shipboard measurements.
2. Test satellite identification of low-altitude cloud systems against in-situ meteorological observations.
3. Measure TOA cloud albedo and effective cloud-droplet radii for low-altitude cloud systems encountered along the cruise track.
4. Quantify the indirect effect using ship-based microwave retrievals of column liquid water cloud droplet retrievals, and albedo data.
5. Relate variations in aerosol properties measured from the ship to large-scale gradients in aerosol optical depth and distribution.
6. Correlate surface radiation measurements with cloud type and cloud amount.

6.2 SUPPORTING OBJECTIVE

Calibrate narrow-band radiometers on operational geosynchronous weather satellites against broad-band satellite instruments in preparation for INDOEX Phase I.

6.3 DESCRIPTION OF OBJECTIVES

A complete description of the methodologies for retrieving aerosol optical depth effective cloud radii from satellite measurements is given in the U.S. INDOEX proposal. A summary of satellite instruments, measurements, and applications are provided in Table 4-3. Since the U.S. proposal was submitted, several additional initiatives for the satellite component of INDOEX have been undertaken:

1. The U.S. satellite receivers will be installed at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography prior to deployment in the field. The satellite retrieval algorithms for cloud and aerosol properties will be tested (by J. Coakley, OSU) using surface observations from the Cloud Aerosol Radiation Pollution Observing System (CARPOS) installed at UCSD. The pre-INDOEX cruise will represent one of the first opportunities to test and validate these retrievals with field observations. Since the retrievals may be used for planning of field operations during INDOEX phase I, prior validation of the retrievals in the Indian Ocean region are essential.
3. S. Bony (LMD) and W. Collins (SIO) have begun an analysis of archival INSAT data to search for low-altitude cloud systems. The goal of this analysis is to identify regions with significant boundary-layer cloud cover that are promising targets for studying the indirect effect. Meteorological observations from the pre-INDOEX cruise will be used to test the detection algorithm.

The results of these initiatives will be used to support the first four scientific objectives. Once the aerosol retrieval and cloud-detection algorithms have been tested, the validated algorithms will be used to derive cloud type and aerosol loading over the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean. The regional maps of aerosol and cloud properties will be used to relate the ship observations to pollution outbreaks from India and to large-scale gradients in cloud type and cloud amount.

6.4 FIELD OPERATIONS

Reception and archival recording of INSAT geostationary imagery will be provided by ISRO through facilities at IMD in Delhi If the launch of the next Meteosat satellite is successful, EUMETSAT will move Meteosat-5 over the Indian Ocean by Spring 1998. If the move is completed in time for the pre-INDOEX cruise, Meteosat data will be provided through EUMETSAT. Imagery from the Chinese FY-2 geostationary satellite, which will carry an instrument almost identical to the SVISSR on GMS, will be used if INSAT and METEOSAT observations are not readily available. The FY-2 imagery will be provided through a cooperative agreement with SeaSpace Corporation.

Data from the NOAA polar orbiters will be obtained through the NOAA Satellite Active Archive and/or UCAR, CERES, and ScaRaB data will be provided by INDOEX PIs on the respective science teams for each instrument. CNES has approved launching the second flight model of the ScaRaB Earth-radiation budget satellite sensor in mid-1997. Estimates of column-integrated water vapor, liquid water, and precipitation derived from DMSP microwave instruments will be obtained retrospectively from NASA, and the National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, Colorado.

The following is a brief summary of activities proposed for an operation and trajectory forecast exercise to be conducted in Male, Maldives, during the INDOEX 1998 FFP. Overlapping the exercise with the cruise port call in Male would permit some immediate comparison of observations from the first leg with the model trajectories and might even help guide the second leg. Two items that would be most critical are: (1) the exercise of the communications system and the simulated operations; and (2) the evaluation of model trajectories for aircraft planning. Such an exercise is critical to the preparation for the full experiment in 1999.

7.1 TRAJECTORY FORECAST EXERCISE

We propose to undertake a trajectory forecast exercise during the ship cruise period of the 1998 campaign (1 February - 31 March) to test the trajectory forecast capabilities of various models and their application to the planning of aircraft operations.

Candidate models for this exercise are:

FSU Krishnamurti

ECMWF van Velthoven

India Mohanty

NRL Madala

CMDL Ogren/Harris

France Sadourny?

NCSU Raman?

Other ??

Measurements obtained on board the ship and at INDOEX surface sites (Maldives, Mauritius) would be used to verify model trajectories. Also, several constant-level balloon flights are planned.

We propose that models produce five-day forward trajectories from 6 - 10 points along the coast of India at around 4 levels (e.g., 950, 850, 500, 200 mb). Also, that five-day back trajectories be calculated from the ship location and the island sites. We propose that trajectories by calculated once per day at 1200 UTC and made available in near real time to Male, Maldives. Back trajectories could be calculated on a delayed schedule, especially if a shipboard radiosonde is used in the initialization (we will try to make these radiosonde data available in real time and put them on GTS or ftp directly to modelers for their use in initializations?).

As part of the Male Operations Test we propose that the forward trajectories be communicated to a simulated operations center in Male during a 7 - 10 day period in mid-February. These products would then be used to plan simulated aircraft flights (for a period of 5 - 7 days we plan to carry out flight planning and simulated operations based on generic flight plans and weather information). We do not expect the trajectory data to be used in planning ship operations during the 1998 cruise. The primary goals of these activity are to develop flight-planning strategies for 1999 aircraft operations. Secondarily, these evaluations would appear to be useful for subsequent scientific analysis of the data.

7.2 OPERATIONS CENTER TEST

We propose to conduct an INDOEX site survey (10 - 15 days) at the Maldives Islands during the period of the 1998 ship cruise, probably overlapping the time of the Male port call near the beginning of the cruise. During this period we would conduct simulated flight operations and other operational tests.

Simulated Flight Operations. Flight planning and simulated operations would be conducted for a 4 - 5 day period, based on generic flight plans for various scientific objectives. Model trajectory forecasts, 24 - 48 hour weather forecasts (including TAFs), and real-time satellite imagery would be utilized in this experiment. We propose that participants in this experiment include JOSS operations staff, one or more principal aircraft scientists (for 3 - 5 days), and a project forecaster (5 - 7 days).

Objectives of this activity are the following:

• Identify needs and constraints on aircraft operations (e.g., local traffic, local weather, local flight services, regional air traffic control, alternate airport weather, refueling airport weather)

• Explore data requirements and availability for aircraft flight planning (e.g., role of model trajectories, reliability of data communications, predictability (persistence) of cloud patterns)
• Exercise a flight planning process
• Evaluate "success" of aircraft operations

Other Operations Center Tests. Activities of a simulated operations center would provide a test of a number of other important operational requirements:

• Evaluate reliability, flexibility, and cost of communications
• Evaluate availability, quality, and cost of weather products (e.g., forecasts, satellite imagery)
• Exercise logistical elements of operations center activities
• Identify capabilities of Maldives Meteorological Division support to operations
• Test voice and data communications with the ship

• Provide logistics support to ships port call and meetings
• Test data communications with surface sites in Male and Mauritius
• Link ship sounding data to GTS

(Most standard site survey activities are not included in this description)

(Normal site survey activities are not included in this description)

[To be provided by INDOEX SSC]

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Resolution 40 (26 October 1995) will comprise the basis for the INDOEX data protocol to be adopted and practiced by each of the INDOEX data centers:

Full details of logistics such as exchange policy, written agreements, Memorandum of Understandings, etc., to implement this protocol will be addressed in the INDOEX Data Management Plan currently in preparation.

The data will be available through a variety of INDOEX data centers. Final data archives will be established at the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) Joint Office for Science Support (JOSS), Boulder, Colorado, USA [U.S. Datasets] and the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), New Delhi, India [Indian Datasets]. European datasets will be archived at a data center to be determined. One method of data exchange between data centers and INDOEX participants included the potential use of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography, Center for Climate, Clouds and Chemistry (C4) Integrated Data System (CIDS). Such a mechanism could facilitate data exchange and derived products using a common format. CIDS software and format converters are proposed to be installed at the INDOEX data centers.

A data survey questionnaire will be developed between the various data centers and distributed to the INDOEX 1998 Cruise participants. The questionnaire will obtain detailed information regarding the various datasets (i.e., data format, dataset size, data frequency and resolution, real-time operational requirements, etc.). The questionnaire will be distributed during Autumn 1997 and individual sample datasets will be requested. This will assist the data centers in handling and processing the data as well as developing any format converters necessary. Results from this survey will be summarized in the INDOEX Data Management Plan.

At the January 1997 INDOEX Planning Meeting (New Delhi), the Data Management Working Group discussed and agreed upon the following timeline (following the INDOEX field campaigns) for data submission to the respective data centers [dates respective for the FFP]:

NOTE--To keep the various data-center archives up to date and consistent with latest dataset versions, the data centers will exchange current inventories at least every three months following the cruise.

[Additional participants address/e-mail information to be added]

AGGARWAL, V.K., Ph.D.

Space Application Center

AHMEDABAD - 380053 INDIA

Phone: 091-0272-447043, 445002

Fax: 091-0272-427708, 428073

BEIG, G., Ph.D.

Indian Institute of Tropical Meterology

Dr. Homi Bhabha Road

PUNE - 411008, INDIA

Phone: 091-0212-330846

Fax: 091-0212-347825

BHATTACHARYA, S., Ph.D.

National Physical Laboratory

Dr. K.S.Krishnan Marg

New Delhi - 110012

Phone: 091-11-5760078

Fax: 091-11-5752678, 5764189

CHAKRAVARTY, S.C., Ph.D.

ISRO Headquarters

Antariksh Bhavan

New Bel Road

BANGLORE - 560034 INDIA

Phone: 091-080-3334474

Fax: 091-080-3334229

e-mail scc@isro.ernet.in

CLARKE, ANTONY D.

School of Ocean and Earth Science

and Technology

Department of Oceanography

University of Hawaii at Manoa

1000 Pope Road

Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 USA

Phone: 808-956-6215

Fax: 808-956-7112

e-mail: tclarke@soest.hawaii.edu

COAKLEY, JAMES A., JR., PROFESSOR

College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences

Oregon State University

Oceanography Admin 104

Corvallis, OR 97331-5503 USA

Phone: 541-737-5686

Fax: 541-737-2540

e-mail: coakley@ats.orst.edu

College main phone: 541-7373504

DAS, J., Professor

Indian Statistical Institute

CALCUTTA, INDIA

DATTA, BROOTI, Ph.D.

National Physical Laboratory

Dr. K.S.Krishnan Marg

New Delhi - 110012

Phone: 091-11-5760078

Fax: 091-11-5752678, 5764189

DATTA, JAYATI, Ph.D.

ISRO Headquarters

Antariksh Bhavan

New Bel Road

BANGLORE - 560034 INDIA

Phone: 091-080-3334474

Fax: 091-080-3334229

DEVARA, P.C.S., Ph.D.

Indian Institute of Tropical Meterology

Dr. Homi Bhabha Road

PUNE - 411008, INDIA

Phone: 091-0212-330846

Fax: 091-0212-347825

DEY, U.K., Ph.D.

Jadavpur University.

JADAVPUR, INDIA

DICKERSON, RUSSELL, Ph.D.

Department of Meteorology

University of Maryland

College Park, Maryland 20742-2425

Phone: 301-405-5364

e-mail: russ@metosrv2.umd.edu

DUTTA, H.N., Ph.D.

National Physical Laboratory

Dr. K.S.Krishnan Marg

New Delhi - 110012

Fax: 091-11-5752678, 5764189

GOEL, M.K., Ph.D.

National Physical Laboratory

Dr. K.S.Krishnan Marg

New Delhi - 110012

Phone: 091-11-5788220

Fax: 091-11-5752678, 5764189

e-mail: mkgoel@csnpl.ren.nic.in

GHOSH, A.B., Ph.D.

National Physical Laboratory

Dr. K.S.Krishnan Marg

New Delhi - 110012

Phone: 091-11-5788734

Fax: 091-11-5752678, 5764189

HEYMSFIELD, ANDREW, Ph.D.

Mesoscale and Microscale

Meteorology Division

National Center for Atmospheric Research

P.O. Box 3000

Boulder, Colorado 80307 USA

Phone: 303-497-8943

e-mail: heymsl@ucar.edu

JADHAV, D.B., Ph.D.

Indian Institute of Tropical Meterology

Dr. Homi Bhabha Road

PUNE - 411008, INDIA

Phone: 091-0212-330846

Fax: 091-0212-347825

JAIN, MEENA, Ph.D.

National Physical Laboratory

Dr. K.S.Krishnan Marg

New Delhi - 110012

Phone: 091-11-5760078

Fax: 091-11-5752678, 5764189

JAYARAMAN, A., Ph.D.

Physical Research Laboratory

Navrangpura

AHMEDABAD - 380009 INDIA

Phone: 091-79-462129

Fax: 091-79-6560502

JOSHI, P.C., Ph.D.

Space Application Center

AHMEDABAD - 380053 INDIA

Phone: 091-0272-447043, 445002

Fax: 091-0272-427708, 428073

KAR, J, Ph.D.

National Physical Laboratory

Dr. K.S.Krishnan Marg

New Delhi - 110012

Phone: 091-11-5788220

Fax: 091-11-5752678, 5764189

e-mail: jkar@csnpl.ren.nic.in

KIEHL, JEFFREY T.

Climate Modeling Section, Head

National Center for Atmospheric Research

P.O. Box 3000

Boulder, Colorado 80307 USA

Phone: 303-497-1350

Fax: 303-497-1324

e-mail: jtkon@ncar.ucar.edu

KRISHNAMURTHY, B. V., Ph.D.

Space Physical Laboratory

TRIVANDRUM, INDIA

Fax: 091-1471-461313

KRISHNAMURTHY, K., Ph.D.

Space Physical Laboratory

TRIVANDRUM, INDIA

Fax: 091-0471-461313

MAHAJAN, K.K., Ph.D.

National Physical Laboratory

Dr. K.S.Krishnan Marg

New Delhi - 110012

Phone: 091-11-5787657

Fax: 091-11-5752678, 5764189

e-mail: mahajan@csnpl.ren.nic.in

MISHRA, S.K., Ph.D.

National Center for Medium Range

Weather Forecasting

Mausam Bhavan, Lodhi Road

DELHI - 110003 INDIA

Phone: 091-11-4619815

Fax: 091-11-4690108

MITRA, A.P., Ph.D.

National Physical Laboratory

Dr. K.S.Krishnan Marg

New Delhi - 110012, INDIA

Phone: 091-11-5745298

Fax: 091-11-5752678, 5764189

e-mail: apmitra@doe.ernet.in

MOHANTI, U.C., Ph.D.

Centre on Atmospheric Sciences

Indian Institute of Technology

DELHI - 110016 INDIA

Phone: 091-11-6862037

MUKHERJEE, B.K., Ph.D.

Indian Statistical Institute

CALCUTTA, INDIA

NAJA, MANISH, Ph.D.

Physical Research Laboratory

Navrangpura

AHMEDABAD - 380009 INDIA

Phone: 091-79-462129

Fax: 091-79-6560502

e-mail: manish@prl.ernet.in

NAQVI, S.W.A., Ph.D.

National Institute of Oceanography

Goa, INDIA

Phone: 091-832-221322, 226253

Fax: 091-0832-223340, 221360

e-mail: ocean@csnio.ren.nic.in

NAWATHE, S.P., Ph.D.

Department of Electronics

Electronics Niketan, 6 CGO Complex

Lodhi Road

NEW DELHI - 110003 INDIA

Phone: 091-11-4361329

Fax: 091-11-4362924

NGUYEN, HUNG V.

Center for Atmospheric Sciences

Center for Clouds, Chemistry and Climate

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD

9500 Gilman Drive #0221

La Jolla, CA 92093 USA

Phone: 619-534-1040 or –1118

Fax: 619-534-4922

e-mail: hnguyen@ucsd.edu

PANDA, T.C., Ph.D.

Bahrampur University

BAHARAMPUR, ORISSA, INDIA

PANDEY, P.C. , Ph.D.

Space Application Center

AHMEDABAD - 380053 INDIA

Phone: 091-0272-447043, 445002

Fax: 091-0272-427708, 428073

PARASHAR, D.C., Ph.D.

National Physical Laboratory

Dr. K.S.Krishnan Marg

New Delhi - 110012, INDIA

Phone: 091-11-5787162

Fax: 091-11-5752678, 5764189

PAUL, RASHMI, Ph.D.

National Physical Laboratory

Dr. K.S.Krishnan Marg

New Delhi - 110012

Phone: 091-11-5760078

Fax: 091-11-5752678, 5764189

PESHIN, S.K., Ph.D.

Indian Meterological Departing

DELHI - 110013 INDIA

PROSPERO, JOSEPH M.

PROFESSOR AND DIRECTOR

Cooperative Inst. Marine &

Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS)

University of Miami RSMAS

4600 Rickenbacker Cswy

Miami, Florida 33149 USA

Phone: 305-361-4789

Fax: 305-361-4891

e-mail: jprosper@rsmas.miami.edu

RAMANATHAN, V.

Center for Atmospheric Sciences

Center for Clouds, Chemistry and Climate

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD

9500 Gilman Drive, 0221

La Jolla, California 92093 USA

Phone: 619-534-8815

Fax: 619-534-7452

e-mail: vramanathan@ucsd.edu

RAO, KUSUM, Ph.D.

ISRO Headquarters

Antariksh Bhavan

New Bel Road

BANGLORE - 560034 INDIA

Phone: 091-080-3334474

Fax: 091-080-3334229

SHARDA, Ph.D.

C-MMACS

NAL Belur Campus

BANGLORE - 560037 INDIA

Phone: 091-080-5274667, 5274649

Fax: 091-080-5260392

SHARMA, C., Ph.D.

National Physical Laboratory

Dr. K.S.Krishnan Marg

New Delhi - 110012

Phone: 091-1-5787162

Fax: 091-11-5752678, 5764189

SHARMA, M.C., Ph.D.

National Physical Laboratory

Dr. K.S.Krishnan Marg

New Delhi - 110012

Phone: 091-11-5726570

Fax: 091-11-5752678, 5764189

SHARMA, O.P., Ph.D.

Centre on Atmospheric Sciences

Indian Institute of Technology

DELHI - 110016 INDIA

SHYAM LAL, Ph.D.

Physical Research Laboratory

Navrangpura

AHMEDABAD - 380009 INDIA

Phone: 091-79-462129

Fax: 091-79-6560502

e-mail: shyam@prl.ernet.in

SIKKA, D.R., Ph.D.

Mausam Vihar

DELHI - 110051 INDIA

SINGH, DEEPAK

Department of Electronics

Electronics Niketan, 6 CGO Complex

Lodhi Road

NEW DELHI - 110003 INDIA

Phone: 091-11-4361329

Fax: 091-11-4362924

SINGH, LAKHA, Ph.D.

National Physical Laboratory

Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg

New Delhi – 110012

Fax: 091-11-5752678, 5764189

e-mail: aksingh@csnpl.ren.nic.in

SINGH, RISAL, Ph.D.

National Physical Laboratory

Dr. K.S.Krishnan Marg

New Delhi - 110012

Phone: 091-11-5726570

Fax: 091-11-5752678, 5764189

SRINIVASAN, J., Professor

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Indian Institute of Science

BANGLORE - 560012 INDIA

SRIVASTAVA, S.K., Ph.D.

Indian Meterological Departing

DELHI - 110013 INDIA

SWATHI, P.S., Ph.D.

C-MMACS

NAL Belur Campus

BANGLORE - 560037 INDIA

Phone: 091-080-5274667, 5274649

Fax: 091-080-5260392

TIWARI, M.K., Ph.D.

National Physical Laboratory

Dr. K.S.Krishnan Marg

New Delhi - 110012

Phone: 091-11-5760078

Fax: 091-11-5752678, 5764189

e-mail: mktiwari@csnpl.ren.nic.in

TIWARI, M.K., Ph.D.

National Physical Lab

Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg

New Delhi -- 110012

TIWARI, V.S., Ph.D.

Indian Meterological Departing

DELHI - 110013 INDIA

UPADHAYA, H.O., Ph.D.

National Physical Laboratory

Dr. K.S.Krishnan Marg

New Delhi – 110012

Phone: 091-11-5788220

Fax: 091-11-5752678, 5764189

VALERO, FRANCISCO, Ph.D.

Center for Atmospheric Sciences

Center for Clouds, Chemistry and Climate

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD

9500 Gilman Drive #0221

La Jolla, California 92093 USA

Phone: 619-534-8815

Fax: 619-534-7452

e-mail: fvalero@ucsd.edu

VENKATARAMAN, CHANDRA, Ph.D.

Indian Institute of Technology

Powai

MUMBAI - 400076 INDIA

Fax: 091-22-5783480

Phone: 091-22-5782545, 5786530

e-mail: chandra@cc.iitb.ernet.in

Phone: 091-11-5788220

Fax: 091-11-5752678, 5764189

WILLIAMS, STEVE

UCAR/Joint Office for Science Support (JOSS)

P.O. Box 3000

Boulder, Colorado 80307 USA

Phone: 303-497-8164

Fax: 303-497-8158

e-mail: sfw@ucar.edu

ANDREAE, MEINRAT O.