Regional Hydroclimate Project:
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LBA (Large-Scale Biosphere - Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia)
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Pantanal
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Pantanal
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None.
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Name:Antonio Ocimar Manzi
Affiliation:
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LBA Implementation Manager / Central Office Coordinator
INPA
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Av. André Araújo, 2936 - Alojamento nº 09 - Petrópolis
Cx. Postal 478
69011-970 Petrópolis
Manaus, Brazil
Telephone: +55(92)643-3255 / 236-5205
Fax: +55(92)643-3238/ 236-5131
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Latitude: -19.56339
Longitude: -57.01494
Elevation: 160 m
LBA Regional Map (click for full resolution):
Regional and Area Maps (click for full resolution):
Station Description:
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General Description:
No information.
Station Operator:
The LBA Pantanal site is part of the LBA Project, managed by the Brazilian Institute for Amazon Research (INPA) which is subordinated to Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT).
Vegetation and Land Use:
The Pantanal Mato Grossense National Park is part of the largest permanent freshwater wetland in the western hemisphere. It includes some of the largest and most spectacular concentrations of Wildlife in the Neotropics, made possible by the different types of environment and their transition areas. In this rich environment, there are several endangered species, among them the wild cat, the agouara, the swamp deer, the otter and the giant river otter of Brazil. One also finds the tiger heron (Tigrisoma fasciatum) and the giant armadillo (Priodontes giganteus). The number of such species makes this a region of great importance for the perpetuation of many of these species.
Located in the upper Paraguay River basin, the Pantanal straddles Brazil.s border with Bolivia and Paraguay. Brazilian designation for .dry tree and shrub savanna.. Enormous stretches of open grassy country with a more or less dense growth of bushes and low, often crookedly formed trees, are found in Central Brazil. Cerrado is usually found on well-drained, leached, acid soil which is poor in nutrients and has a high content of aluminum (Eiten,1972). The woody plants of the cerrado are for a great part endemics; they show a high degree of fire resistance as an adaptation to the frequent camp fires occurring in the Brazilian savanna regions. In the Pantanal plain, cerrado occurs in many places with sandy topsoil not reached by groundwater
Dominant land cover at the measurement location: No information.
Canopy height: No information.
Density of Canopy: No information.
Land cover within 50 m of site: No information.
Land cover within 500 m of site: No information.
Land cover within 12 km of site: No information.
Seasonal land cover changes: No information.
Major changes in land cover at site from October 2002 to December 2004: No information.
Slope at the site: No information.
Other notes: None
Soil Type and Characterization:
The soil is very permeable, even the larger rivers diminish in volume if the dry season is prolonged. During the flood season, from December to May, the land is fertilized by the suspended sediments (clay, silt, organic matter) in the waters. Which are deposit on the plains, making one think of the Nile in Egypt. The waters begin to lower in April, but only in the month of July does the soil become enough dry to support a car. From the beginning of July to the end of December, one can drive over the Pantanal without great difficulty. The dry season begins between May and October, and then, gradually, the rain begins again. This rhythm is essential for the life in the area.
Surface soil type: No information.
Soil type in deeper layers: No information.
Surface soil porosity: No information.
Soil porosity in deeper layers: No information.
Soil infiltration rate: No information.
Bulk Dry Density: No information.
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: No information.
The Soil Reference Group(s) (from World Reference Base for Soil Resources): No information.
Climate:
The annual temperature media fluctuate around 25°C. The highest temperatures occur usually early in the summer and may reach 40°C. According to Valverde (1972), the wet summer regime is due to the penetration of the equatorial continental air mass of Amazonian origin. The climate in the winter is dominated by the tropical-atlantic air mass coming from the Brazilian highland. Since the amphitheater of the Pantanal is open to the south, sometimes polarantarctic atmospheric fronts advance into the area and winter temperature extremes of around 0°C may occur. These are the so called .friagens. which can provoke frost-bite etiolation of the plants over large swamp areas.
Humidity is usually around the mark of 70%. Reaching maxim of over 80% in the late summer (Tarifa,1986). Concerning the ecological conditions of this immense area, the rainy season is concentrated between October and March, there is a rainfall of 1000-1400 mm (Dubs,1992). Rainfall is slightly less than in the cerrado of central Brazil, but the Paraguay River and its tributaries swell to such an extent that the waters flood the low plain, covering it with a sheet of water 2-3m (sometimes even 4m) deep. The Pantanal therefore, is a large climatic enclave in which the run-off from the surrounding relatively wet highlands, carried by a series of large rivers, succeeds to maintain an allochthonous wetland environment under the conditions of a basically semi-arid climate.
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SURFACE METEOROLOGY AND RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION AND DESCRIPTION:
- Station pressure - measured; height and instrumentation not provided.
- Air Temperature - measured; height and instrumentation not provided.
- Dew point - measured; height and instrumentation not provided.
- Relative humidity - measured; height and instrumentation not provided.
- Specific humidity - measured; height and instrumentation not provided.
- Wind speed - measured; height and instrumentation not provided.
- Wind direction - measured; height and instrumentation not provided.
- U wind component - measured; height and instrumentation not provided.
- V wind component - measured; height and instrumentation not provided.
- Precipitation - measured; height and instrumentation not provided.
- Snow depth - Not measured.
- Incoming shortwave radiation - measured; height and instrumentation not provided.
- Outgoing shortwave radiation - measured; height and instrumentation not provided.
- Incoming longwave radiation - measured; height and instrumentation not provided.
- Outgoing longwave radiation - measured; height and instrumentation not provided.
- Net radiation measured; height and instrumentation not provided.
- Skin temperature - measured; height and instrumentation not provided.
- Incoming Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) - measured; height and instrumentation not provided.
- Outgoing Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) - measured; height and instrumentation not provided.
METEOROLOGICAL TOWER INSTRUMENTATION AND DESCRIPTION:
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No information.
FLUX INSTRUMENTATION AND DESCRIPTION:
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No information.
SOIL INSTRUMENTATION AND DESCRIPTION:
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No information.
RADIOSONDE INSTRUMENTATION AND DESCRIPTION:
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No information.
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Web:
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None provided.
Literature:
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None provided.
- LBA (10 March 2004; Irvine, CA, USA)
- LBA (31 March 2003; Berlin, Germany)
- LBA (2 April 2003; Berlin, Germany)
- LBA (6 March 2002; Tokyo, Japan)
- EOP-3/4 and beyond Data Sets and Documentation
- Surface Meteorological Data: Current Status and Browse Plots
- Soil Temperature and Moisture Data: Current Status and Browse Plots
- Flux Data: Current Status and Browse Plots
- Meteorological Tower Data: Current Status and Browse Plots
- EOP-1 Converted Format Data Sets and Documentation
- EOP-1 Native Format Data Sets and Documentation